{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T03:19:39Z","timestamp":1780370379106,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692144000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We described the secondary bacterial infections (SBI) among COVID-19 patients in comparison with non-COVID-19 patients. We performed a retrospective case\u2013control study between January 01, 2020 and April 01, 2022. Including the adult patients, who stayed\u2009\u2265\u200972\u00a0h in intensive care unit (ICU). In total 405 patients were included, 135 had (33.3%) COVID-19, with similar age and gender. The length of stay in ICU was not different (11.4 vs 8.2, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.109), however mean intubation days were higher among COVID-19 cases (6.5 vs 3.8, <jats:italic>p\u2009=\u2009<\/jats:italic>0.005), SBI were more common among COVID-19 cases (34% vs 10.7%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Among the patients with pneumonia, the rate of gram-positive bacteria was higher in COVID-19 group than the control group (39% vs 5%, <jats:italic>p\u2009=\u2009<\/jats:italic>0.006). The predictors for SBI were having COVID-19 (OR: 2.3, Cl 1.25\u20134.32, <jats:italic>p\u2009=\u2009<\/jats:italic>0.008), days of intubation (OR: 1.05, Cl 1.01\u20131.10, <jats:italic>p\u2009=\u2009<\/jats:italic>0.004), and being male (OR: 2, Cl 1.12\u20133.58, <jats:italic>p\u2009=\u2009<\/jats:italic>0.018). The predictors of mortality were COVID-19 (OR: 2.38, Cl 1.28\u20134.42, <jats:italic>p\u2009=\u2009<\/jats:italic>0.006), days of intubation (OR: 1.06, Cl 1.03\u20131.09, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), active hematologic malignancy (OR: 3.1, Cl: 1.33\u20137.28, <jats:italic>p\u2009=\u2009<\/jats:italic>0.09), active solid tumors (OR: 2.44, Cl 1.21\u20134.91, <jats:italic>p\u2009=\u2009<\/jats:italic>0.012), and coronary artery diseases (OR: 1.8, Cl 1.01\u20133.52, <jats:italic>p\u2009=\u2009<\/jats:italic>0.045). The most common SBI in COVID-19 patients were methicillin-sensitive <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus.<\/jats:italic> No carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales related infections were detected in COVID-19 patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-39632-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T17:02:57Z","timestamp":1692205377000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["COVID-19 associated bacterial infections in intensive care unit: a case control study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Bahar","family":"Ka\u00e7maz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u015eiran","family":"Keske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uluman","family":"Si\u015fman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sena Tu\u011fana","family":"Ate\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"G\u00fcldan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye\u015fim","family":"Be\u015fli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erhan","family":"Palao\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahit","family":"\u00c7akar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6nder","family":"Erg\u00f6n\u00fcl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10229","key":"39632_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3","volume":"395","author":"F Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou, F. et al. 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