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Knowledge gaps regarding <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> circulation in wildlife, particularly in densely populated areas, contribute to frequent misdiagnoses in humans and domestic animals. We assessed <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> prevalence levels and risk factors in five target wildlife species across the greater Los Angeles region: striped skunks (<jats:italic>Mephitis mephitis<\/jats:italic>), raccoons (<jats:italic>Procyon lotor<\/jats:italic>), coyotes (<jats:italic>Canis latrans<\/jats:italic>), Virginia opossums (<jats:italic>Didelphis virginiana<\/jats:italic>), and fox squirrels (<jats:italic>Sciurus niger<\/jats:italic>). We sampled more than 960 individual animals, including over 700 from target species in the greater Los Angeles region, and an additional 266 sampled opportunistically from other California regions and species. In the five target species seroprevalences ranged from 5 to 60%, and infection prevalences ranged from 0.8 to 15.2% in all except fox squirrels (0%). <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> phylogenomics and patterns of serologic reactivity suggest that mainland terrestrial wildlife, particularly mesocarnivores, could be the source of repeated observed introductions of <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> into local marine and island ecosystems. Overall, we found evidence of widespread <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> exposure in wildlife across Los Angeles and surrounding regions. This indicates exposure risk for humans and domestic animals and highlights that this pathogen can circulate endemically in many wildlife species even in densely populated urban areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-40322-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T10:02:54Z","timestamp":1693562574000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Pathogenic Leptospira are widespread in the urban wildlife of southern California"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7292-1533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah K.","family":"Helman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda F. 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