{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:48:44Z","timestamp":1781225324174,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695600000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The quantum spin Hall state materials have recently attracted much attention owing to their potential applications in the design of spintronic devices. Based on density functional theory calculations and crystal field theory, we study electronic structures and topological properties of functionalized thallene films. Two different hydrogenation styles (Tl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>H and Tl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) are considered, which can drastically vary the electronic and topological behaviors of the thallene. Due to the <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>3v<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> symmetry of the two systems, the <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>y<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> orbitals at the \u0393 point have the non-Dirac band degeneracy. With spin\u2013orbit coupling (SOC), topological nontrivial band gaps can be generated, giving rise to non-Dirac quantum spin Hall states in the two thallium hydride films. The nontrivial band gap for the monolayer Tl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>H is very large (855\u00a0meV) due to the large on-site SOC of Tl <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>y<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> orbitals. The band gap in Tl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> is, however, small due to the band inversion between the Tl <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>x\/y<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> orbitals. It is worth noting that both the Tl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>H and Tl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> monolayers exhibit strong Rashba spin splitting effects, especially for the monolayer Tl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (\u03b1<jats:sub>R<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20092.52\u00a0eV\u00c5), rationalized well by the breaking of the structural inversion symmetry. The Rashba effect can be tuned sensitively by applying biaxial strain and external electric fields. Our findings provide an ideal platform for fabricating room-temperature spintronic and topological electronic devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-43314-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T10:02:23Z","timestamp":1695636143000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Large-band-gap non-Dirac quantum spin Hall states and strong Rashba effect in functionalized thallene films"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xiaojuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hairui","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongqin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"43314_CR1","volume":"95","author":"CL Kane","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kane, C. 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