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We implemented HPV-SAT at a research site in Khayelitsha, South Africa, screening 3062 women aged 30\u201365 years (44% women living with HIV [WHIV]). All were screened using point-of-care Xpert HPV and almost all received their HPV results on the same day. HPV-positivity occurred in 41.5% of WHIV and 17.4% of women without HIV (WNoH) reducing to 26.2% in WHIV and 10.4% in WNoH applying treatment eligibility criteria based on high viral load in the channels detecting HPV16, 18, 45, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 52, 58. Among those eligible for treatment, 91.3% were considered suitable for ablative therapy, and 94.6% underwent thermal ablation on the same day, with no serious adverse events. Twelve months later, 39.0% of WHIV and 65.2% of WNoH treated with ablative therapy were clear of HPV. In women who were HPV-positive but ineligible for treatment, 19.1% and 12.9% had histologically-confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) at 12 months. SAT programs need to weigh trade-offs between overtreatment versus delayed or no treatment for women who test positive for HPV. Treatment modalities for precancerous lesions need to be improved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-43467-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T10:03:06Z","timestamp":1695808986000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Point-of-care testing with Xpert HPV for single-visit, screen-and-treat for cervical cancer prevention: a demonstration study in South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lynette","family":"Denny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakiya","family":"Saidu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosalind","family":"Boa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nomonde","family":"Mbatani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delivette","family":"Castor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Moodley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"43467_CR1","unstructured":"Ferlay, J. et al. 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