{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T12:32:01Z","timestamp":1785933121205,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698883200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Administrator General, Ministry of Justice, Israel"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cancer is a leading cause of mortality today. Sooner a cancer is detected, the more effective is the treatment. Histopathological diagnosis continues to be the gold standard worldwide for cancer diagnosis, but the methods used are invasive, time-consuming, insensitive, and still rely to some degree on the subjective judgment of pathologists. Recent research demonstrated that Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy can be used to determine the metastatic potential of cancer cells by evaluating their membrane hydration. In the current study, we demonstrate that the conversion of ATR-FTIR spectra using multifractal transformation generates a unique number for each cell line\u2019s metastatic potential. Applying this technique to murine and human cancer cells revealed a correlation between the metastatic capacity of cancer cells within the same lineage and higher multifractal value. The multifractal spectrum value was found to be independent of the cell concentration used in the assay and unique to the tested lineage. Healthy cells exhibited a smaller multifractal spectrum value than cancer cells. Further, the technique demonstrated the ability to detect cancer progression by being sensitive to the proportional change between healthy and cancerous cells in the sample. This enables precise determination of cancer metastasis and disease progression independent of cell concentration by comparing the measured spectroscopy derived multifractal spectrum value. This quick and simple technique devoid of observer bias can transform cancer diagnosis to a great extent improving public health prognosis worldwide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-46014-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T15:03:09Z","timestamp":1698937389000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Multifractal analysis of cellular ATR-FTIR spectrum as a method for identifying and quantifying cancer cell metastatic levels"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ayan","family":"Barbora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sirish","family":"Karri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8430-0486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael A.","family":"Firer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1857-4905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Refael","family":"Minnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"46014_CR1","unstructured":"Cancer [(Accessed on 9 Sept 2022)]; Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/cancer."},{"issue":"1","key":"46014_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21590","volume":"70","author":"R Siegel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Siegel, R., Miller, K. & Jemal, A. Cancer statistics, 2020. CA Cancer J. Clin. 70(1), 7\u201330 (2020).","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"46014_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.059832","volume":"52","author":"MJ Duffy","year":"2006","unstructured":"Duffy, M. J. Serum tumor markers in breast cancer: Are they of clinical value?. Clin. Chem. 52, 345\u2013351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2005.059832 (2006).","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"46014_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"j2813","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j2813","volume":"357","author":"JG Elmore","year":"2017","unstructured":"Elmore, J. G. et al. Pathologists\u2019 diagnosis of invasive melanoma and melanocytic proliferations: Observer accuracy and reproducibility study. BMJ 357, j2813. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.j2813 (2017).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"46014_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38516.649537.E0","volume":"331","author":"HG Welch","year":"2005","unstructured":"Welch, H. G., Woloshin, S. & Schwartz, L. M. Skin biopsy rates and incidence of melanoma: Population based ecological study. BMJ 331, 481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.38516.649537.E0 (2005).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"46014_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000198","volume":"357","author":"P Gerami","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gerami, P. et al. Histomorphologic assessment and interobserver diagnostic reproducibility of atypical spitzoid melanocytic neoplasms with long-term follow-up. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 357, 934\u2013940. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000198 (2014).","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"46014_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S318","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1993.55","volume":"357","author":"LM Duncan","year":"1993","unstructured":"Duncan, L. M. et al. Histopathologic recognition and grading of dysplastic melanocytic nevi: An interobserver agreement study. J. Invest. Dermatol. 357, S318\u2013S321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jid.1993.55 (1993).","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"46014_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(92)70248-E","volume":"357","author":"PH Duray","year":"1992","unstructured":"Duray, P. H. et al. An analysis of interobserver recognition of the histopathologic features of dysplastic nevi from a mixed group of nevomelanocytic lesions. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 357, 741\u2013749. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0190-9622(92)70248-E (1992).","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"46014_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1996.14.4.1218","volume":"357","author":"R Corona","year":"1996","unstructured":"Corona, R. et al. Interobserver variability on the histopathologic diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma and other pigmented skin lesions. J. Clin. Oncol. 357, 1218\u20131223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.1996.14.4.1218 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"46014_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1996.03890320029004","volume":"357","author":"RA Swerlick","year":"1996","unstructured":"Swerlick, R. A. & Chen, S. The melanoma epidemic. Is increased surveillance the solution or the problem?. Arch. Dermatol. 357, 881\u2013884. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archderm.1996.03890320029004 (1996).","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"issue":"14","key":"46014_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa066099","volume":"356","author":"JJ Fenton","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fenton, J. J. et al. Influence of computer-aided detection on performance of screening mammography. N. Engl. J. Med. 356(14), 1399\u20131409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa066099 (2007).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"46014_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2014.55","volume":"34","author":"V Edmond","year":"2015","unstructured":"Edmond, V. et al. Downregulation of ceramide synthase-6 during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition reduces plasma membrane fluidity and cancer cell motility. Oncogene 34(8), 996\u20131005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/onc.2014.55 (2015).","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"46014_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20100149","volume":"32","author":"A Sade","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sade, A., Tun\u00e7ay, S., \u00c7imen, I., Severcan, F. & Banerjee, S. Celecoxib reduces fluidity and decreases metastatic potential of colon cancer cell lines irrespective of COX-2 expression. Biosci. Rep. 32, 35\u201344 (2011).","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"46014_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5075","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-11-0247","volume":"71","author":"V Swaminathan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Swaminathan, V. et al. Mechanical stiffness grades metastatic potential in patient tumor cells and in cancer cell lines. Cancer Res. 71, 5075\u20135080 (2011).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"46014_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910440426","volume":"44","author":"G Taraboletti","year":"1989","unstructured":"Taraboletti, G. et al. Membrane fluidity affects tumor-cell motility, invasion and lung-colonizing potential. Int. J. Cancer 44, 707\u2013713 (1989).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"46014_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1159\/000163526","volume":"57","author":"G Sherbet","year":"1989","unstructured":"Sherbet, G. Membrane fluidity and cancer metastasis. Pathobiology 57, 198\u2013205 (1989).","journal-title":"Pathobiology"},{"key":"46014_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-012-1159-5","volume":"138","author":"T Watanabe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Watanabe, T. et al. Higher cell stiffness indicating lower metastatic potential in B16 melanoma cell variants and in (\u2212)-epigallocatechin gallate-treated cells. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 138, 859\u2013866 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"46014_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1142\/S1088424607000679","volume":"11","author":"R Minnes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Minnes, R., Weitman, H. & Ehrenberg, B. The effect of lipid composition, bilayer phase and temperature on the uptake of hematoporphyrin by liposomal membranes. J. Porphyr. Phthalocyan. 11, 577\u2013585 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Porphyr. Phthalocyan."},{"key":"46014_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(94)80852-5","volume":"66","author":"T Parasassi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Parasassi, T., Stefano, M. D., Loiero, M., Ravagnan, G. & Gratton, E. Cholesterol modifies water concentration and dynamics in phospholipid bilayers: A fluorescence study using Laurdan probe. Biophys. J. 66, 763\u2013768 (1994).","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"46014_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4948","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00365a034","volume":"25","author":"TJ Mcintosh","year":"1986","unstructured":"Mcintosh, T. J. & Simon, S. A. Area per molecule and distribution of water in fully hydrated dilauroylphosphatidylethanolamine bilayers. Biochemistry 25, 4948\u20134952 (1986).","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"46014_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4381","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-04678-6","volume":"7","author":"R Minnes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Minnes, R. et al. Using attenuated total reflection-fourier transform infra-red (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to distinguish between melanoma cells with a different metastatic potential. Sci Rep. 7(1), 4381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-04678-6 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"46014_CR22","first-page":"29","volume":"102","author":"GA Losa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Losa, G. A. The fractal geometry of life. Riv. Biol. 102(1), 29\u201359 (2009).","journal-title":"Riv. Biol."},{"key":"46014_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gospodinova, E., Lebamovski, P. & Gospodinov, M. Automatic analysis of ECG signals based on their fractal and multifractal properties. 136\u2013140. (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3472410.3472421.","DOI":"10.1145\/3472410.3472421"},{"key":"46014_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.04.003","volume":"76","author":"T Zorick","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zorick, T., Landers, J., Leuchter, A. & Mandelkern, M. A. EEG multifractal analysis correlates with cognitive testing scores and clinical staging in mild cognitive impairment. J. Clin. Neurosci. 76, 195\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.04.003 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"46014_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2010.01.004","volume":"156","author":"FSJ Mart\u00ednez","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez, F. S. J. et al. Multifractal analysis of discretized X-ray CT images for the characterization of soil macropore structures. Geoderma 156(1\u20132), 32\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.geoderma.2010.01.004 (2010).","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"46014_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2015.04.030","volume":"49","author":"K Hayashi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hayashi, K. & Iwata, M. Stiffness of cancer cells measured with AFM indentation method. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 49, 105\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2015.04.030 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"issue":"118","key":"46014_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1038\/newbio242148a0","volume":"242","author":"IJ Fidler","year":"1973","unstructured":"Fidler, I. J. Selection of successive tumour lines for metastasis. Nat. New. Biol. 242(118), 148\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/newbio242148a0 (1973).","journal-title":"Nat. New. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"46014_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-0134-x","volume":"5","author":"J Fares","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fares, J., Fares, M. Y., Khachfe, H. H., Salhab, H. A. & Fares, Y. Molecular principles of metastasis: A hallmark of cancer revisited. Signal. Transduct. Target. Ther. 5(1), 28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-020-0134-x (2020).","journal-title":"Signal. Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"46014_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753791","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.753791","volume":"11","author":"X Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang, X. et al. Diagnosis of lung cancer by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics. Front. Oncol. 11, 753791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2021.753791 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"issue":"10","key":"46014_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.20704","volume":"35","author":"M Bakhshandeh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bakhshandeh, M., Tutuncuoglu, S. O., Fischer, G. & Masood, S. Use of imprint cytology for assessment of surgical margins in lumpectomy specimens of breast cancer patients. Diagn. Cytopathol. 35(10), 656\u2013659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dc.20704 (2007).","journal-title":"Diagn. Cytopathol."},{"issue":"11","key":"46014_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.48.11.1028.PMID:8543625;PMCID:PMC503008","volume":"48","author":"KL Oakley","year":"1995","unstructured":"Oakley, K. L. & Going, J. J. Specimen slice radiography of cancer in breast conserving excisions. J. Clin. Pathol. 48(11), 1028\u20131030. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.48.11.1028.PMID:8543625;PMCID:PMC503008 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"issue":"6","key":"46014_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200106000-00005","volume":"233","author":"MM Moore","year":"2001","unstructured":"Moore, M. M. et al. Intraoperative ultrasound is associated with clear lumpectomy margins for palpable infiltrating ductal breast cancer. Ann. Surg. 233(6), 761\u2013768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000658-200106000-00005 (2001).","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"46014_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2008.06.024","volume":"196","author":"TM Allweis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Allweis, T. M. et al. A prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter study of a real-time, intraoperative probe for positive margin detection in breast-conserving surgery. Am. J. Surg. 196(4), 483\u2013489. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2008.06.024 (2008).","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg."},{"issue":"12","key":"46014_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2016.07.141","volume":"42","author":"JM Dixon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dixon, J. M. et al. Intra-operative assessment of excised breast tumour margins using ClearEdge imaging device. Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. 42(12), 1834\u20131840. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejso.2016.07.141 (2016).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Surg. Oncol."},{"issue":"14","key":"46014_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-14-9","volume":"6","author":"I Willekens","year":"2014","unstructured":"Willekens, I. et al. High-resolution 3D micro-CT imaging of breast microcalcifications: A preliminary analysis. BMC Cancer. 6(14), 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2407-14-9 (2014).","journal-title":"BMC Cancer."},{"issue":"22","key":"46014_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8790","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-4340","volume":"69","author":"FT Nguyen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nguyen, F. T. et al. Intraoperative evaluation of breast tumor margins with optical coherence tomography. Cancer Res. 69(22), 8790\u20138796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-4340 (2009).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"46014_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1111\/tbj.12183","volume":"19","author":"R Agresti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Agresti, R. et al. Ex vivo MRI evaluation of breast tumors: A novel tool for verifying resection of nonpalpable only MRI detected lesions. Breast J. 19(6), 659\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tbj.12183 (2013).","journal-title":"Breast J."},{"issue":"4","key":"46014_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.6.001273","volume":"6","author":"R Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li, R. et al. Assessing breast tumor margin by multispectral photoacoustic tomography. Biomed. Opt. Express 6(4), 1273\u20131281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/BOE.6.001273 (2015).","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"issue":"12","key":"46014_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-017-0165-y","volume":"1","author":"F Fereidouni","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fereidouni, F. et al. Microscopy with ultraviolet surface excitation for rapid slide-free histology. Nat. Biomed. Eng. 1(12), 957\u2013966. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41551-017-0165-y (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"134","key":"46014_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2016.11.047","volume":"5","author":"E Kaznowska","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kaznowska, E., Depciuch, J., Szmuc, K. & Cebulski, J. Use of FTIR spectroscopy and PCA-LDC analysis to identify cancerous lesions within the human colon. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 5(134), 259\u2013268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpba.2016.11.047 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"issue":"1","key":"46014_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4501","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12527-5","volume":"10","author":"HJ Butler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Butler, H. J. et al. Development of high-throughput ATR-FTIR technology for rapid triage of brain cancer. Nat. Commun. 10(1), 4501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-12527-5 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"25","key":"46014_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3842","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i25.3842","volume":"11","author":"QB Li","year":"2005","unstructured":"Li, Q. B. et al. Use of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to rapidly diagnose gastric endoscopic biopsies. World J. Gastroenterol. 11(25), 3842\u20133845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v11.i25.3842 (2005).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"46014_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2404","DOI":"10.1039\/C8AY02663G","volume":"11","author":"R Minnes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Minnes, R. et al. Fiber-optic evanescent wave spectroscopy (FEWS) of crystals from a urine sample as a tool for evaluating the chemical composition of Kidney Stones. Anal. Methods 11, 2404\u20132409 (2019).","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-023-46014-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-023-46014-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-023-46014-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T15:07:35Z","timestamp":1698937655000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-023-46014-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["46014"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-46014-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 May 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 October 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 November 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"18935"}}