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It is essential from a welfare point that electrical stunning must cause unconsciousness in animals. However, there is no information of whether or not electrical stunning causes unconsciousness in the Nile crocodile (<jats:italic>Crocodylus niloticus<\/jats:italic>). The purpose of the study was to assess brain activity before and after electrical stunning in crocodiles using a 5-channel referential electroencephalogram analysis to determine consciousness. Behavioural indicators and electroencephalogram recordings of 15 captive-bred crocodiles were captured and analysed using power spectral density analysis immediately before and after stunning and then at 60\u00a0s intervals until 5\u00a0min post-stunning. A standardised stun of 170\u00a0Volts was applied for 5\u20137\u00a0s on the wetted neck. Unconsciousness was defined as a decrease in alpha wave power and increase in delta wave power. Three of the electroencephalograms could not be assessed. Unconsciousness was identified in 6 out of 12 crocodiles and lasted for an average for 120\u00a0s. An increase in electroencephalogram waveform amplitude and tonic\u2013clonic seizure-like waveform activity and behaviour indicators were not reliable indicators of unconsciousness. Further research should be focused on improving the efficiency and reliability of electrical stunning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-47696-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T11:02:03Z","timestamp":1700478123000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Electroencephalogram (EEG) assessment of brain activity before and after electrical stunning in the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus)"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"K. 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