{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:38:07Z","timestamp":1784767087504,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS (the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) KAKENHI Grant","award":["18KK0180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18KK0180"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study identifies fungi associated with <jats:italic>Euwallacea fornicatus<\/jats:italic> and determines whether these fungal species play the role of primary symbiont. <jats:italic>E. fornicatus<\/jats:italic> adults that emerged from the branches of infested trees in Okinawa main island, Japan, were collected and used to isolate fungi. <jats:italic>Fusarium kuroshium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Penicillium citrinum<\/jats:italic> were the most dominant fungal associates of females and males, respectively. <jats:italic>F. kuroshium<\/jats:italic> was much more frequently isolated from the head, including mycangia (fungus-carrying organs), of females than any other body parts. We inoculated healthy mango saplings with <jats:italic>F. kuroshium<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>F. decemcellulare<\/jats:italic>, both of which were symbionts of <jats:italic>E. fornicatus<\/jats:italic> females infesting mango trees. <jats:italic>F. kuroshium<\/jats:italic> decreased leaf stomatal conductance and rate of xylem sap-conduction area and increased length and area of xylem discoloration of the saplings, thereby weakening and killing some. These results suggest that <jats:italic>F. kuroshium<\/jats:italic>, a mycangial fungus of <jats:italic>E. fornicatus<\/jats:italic>, inhibits water flow in mango trees. This study is the first to report that <jats:italic>F. kuroshium<\/jats:italic> causes wilt disease in mango trees and that it is a primary fungal symbiont of <jats:italic>E. fornicatus<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-48809-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T19:02:33Z","timestamp":1701975753000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Fusarium kuroshium is the primary fungal symbiont of an ambrosia beetle, Euwallacea fornicatus, and can kill mango tree in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zi-Ru","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Momo","family":"Tanoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayato","family":"Masuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony I.","family":"Cognato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norikazu","family":"Kameyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Kuroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Kajimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"48809_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2011.03.016","volume":"59","author":"BH Jordal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jordal, B. H., Sequeira, A. S. & Cognato, A. I. The age and phylogeny of wood boring weevils and the origin of subsociality. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 59, 708\u2013724 (2011).","journal-title":"Mol. Phylogenet. Evol."},{"key":"48809_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-417156-5.00002-2","volume-title":"Bark Beetles: Biology and Ecology of Native and Invasive Species","author":"J Hulcr","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hulcr, J., Atkinson, T. H., Cognato, A. I., Jordal, B. H. & McKenna, D. D. Morphology, taxonomy, and phylogenetics of bark beetles. In Bark Beetles: Biology and Ecology of Native and Invasive Species (eds Vega, F. E. & Hofstetter, R. W.) 41\u201384 (Elsevier, 2015)."},{"key":"48809_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4832-2758-0.50010-2","volume-title":"Symbiosis: Associations of invertebrates, birds, ruminants and other biota","author":"H Francke-Grosmann","year":"1967","unstructured":"Francke-Grosmann, H. Ectosymbiosis in wood-inhabiting insects. In Symbiosis: Associations of invertebrates, birds, ruminants and other biota (ed. Henry, S. M.) 141\u2013206 (Elsevier, 1967)."},{"key":"48809_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047712","volume":"7","author":"J Hulcr","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hulcr, J. et al. A Jungle in there: Bacteria in belly buttons are highly diverse, but predictable. PLoS ONE 7, e47712 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"48809_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.3875.1.1","volume":"3875","author":"RA Beaver","year":"2014","unstructured":"Beaver, R. A., Sittichaya, W. & Liu, L. Y. A synopsis of the scolytine ambrosia beetles of Thailand (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Zootaxa 3875, 1\u201382 (2014).","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"48809_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2866","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2011.1130","volume":"278","author":"J Hulcr","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hulcr, J. & Dunn, R. R. The sudden emergence of pathogenicity in insect\u2013fungus symbioses threatens naive forest ecosystems. Proc. R. Soc. B 278, 2866\u20132873 (2011).","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"48809_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s12600-012-0223-7","volume":"40","author":"Z Mendel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mendel, Z. et al. An Asian ambrosia beetle Euwallacea fornicatus and its novel symbiotic fungus Fusarium sp. pose a serious threat to the Israeli avocado industry. Phytoparasitica 40, 235\u2013238 (2012).","journal-title":"Phytoparasitica"},{"key":"48809_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-11-12-1026-RE","volume":"97","author":"A Eskalen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Eskalen, A. et al. Host range of Fusarium dieback and its ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) vector in southern California. Plant Dis. 97, 938\u2013951 (2013).","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"key":"48809_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-01-13-0056-FE","volume":"97","author":"RC Ploetz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ploetz, R. C., Hulcr, J., Wingfield, M. J. & de Beer, Z. W. Destructive tree diseases associated with ambrosia and bark beetles: Black swan events in tree pathology?. Plant Dis. 97, 856\u2013872 (2013).","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"key":"48809_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-017-1427-z","volume":"19","author":"MA Hughes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hughes, M. A. et al. No rest for the laurels: Symbiotic invaders cause unprecedented damage to southern USA forests. Biol. Invasions 19, 2143\u20132157 (2017).","journal-title":"Biol. Invasions"},{"key":"48809_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-022-02929-w","volume":"25","author":"H Schuler","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schuler, H. et al. Recent invasion and eradication of two members of the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from tropical greenhouses in Europe. Biol. Invasions 25, 299\u2013307 (2023).","journal-title":"Biol. Invasions"},{"key":"48809_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1890\/130240","volume":"12","author":"BA Roy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Roy, B. A. et al. Increasing forest loss worldwide from invasive pests requires new trade regulations. Front. Ecol. Environ. 12, 457\u2013465 (2014).","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Environ."},{"key":"48809_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1093\/ae\/tmz015","volume":"65","author":"RJ Rabaglia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rabaglia, R. J. et al. Early detection and rapid response: A 10-year summary of the USDA Forest Service program of surveillance for non-native bark and ambrosia beetles. Am. Entomol. 65, 29\u201342 (2019).","journal-title":"Am. Entomol."},{"key":"48809_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-022-02801-x","volume":"24","author":"A Bierman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bierman, A., Roets, F. & Terblanche, J. S. Population structure of the invasive ambrosia beetle, Euwallacea fornicatus, indicates multiple introductions into South Africa. Biol. Invasions 24, 2301\u20132312 (2022).","journal-title":"Biol. Invasions"},{"key":"48809_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.3852\/13-066","volume":"105","author":"S Freeman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Freeman, S. et al. Fusarium euwallaceae sp. nov.\u2014a symbiotic fungus of Euwallacea sp., an invasive ambrosia beetle in Israel and California. Mycologia 105, 1595\u20131606 (2013).","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"key":"48809_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1111\/afe.12215","volume":"19","author":"R Stouthamer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stouthamer, R. et al. Tracing the origin of a cryptic invader: Phylogeography of the Euwallacea fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) species complex. Agric. For. Entomol. 19, 366\u2013375 (2017).","journal-title":"Agric. For. Entomol."},{"key":"48809_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aspen.2019.01.013","volume":"22","author":"DF Gomez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gomez, D. F., Lin, W., Gao, L. & Li, Y. New host plant records for the Euwallacea fornicatus (Eichhoff) species complex (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) across its natural and introduced distribution. J. Asia-Pac. Entomol. 22, 338\u2013340 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Asia-Pac. Entomol."},{"key":"48809_CR18","first-page":"61","volume":"39","author":"W Danthanarayana","year":"1968","unstructured":"Danthanarayana, W. The distribution and host-range of the shot-hole borer (Xyleborus fornicatus Eich.) of tea. Tea Q. 39, 61\u201369 (1968).","journal-title":"Tea Q."},{"key":"48809_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3390\/insects7040055","volume":"7","author":"D Carrillo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Carrillo, D. et al. Distribution, pest status and fungal associates of Euwallacea nr. fornicatus in Florida avocado groves. Insects 7, 55 (2016).","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"48809_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s13199-015-0356-9","volume":"68","author":"S Freeman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Freeman, S. et al. Symbiotic association of three fungal species throughout the life cycle of the ambrosia beetle Euwallacea nr. fornicatus. Symbiosis 68, 115\u2013128 (2016).","journal-title":"Symbiosis"},{"key":"48809_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s13313-018-0545-0","volume":"47","author":"T Paap","year":"2018","unstructured":"Paap, T., de Beer, Z. W., Migliorini, D., Nel, W. J. & Wingfield, M. J. The polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB) and its fungal symbiont Fusarium euwallaceae: A new invasion in South Africa. Australas. Plant Pathol. 47, 231\u2013237 (2018).","journal-title":"Australas. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"48809_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2013.04.004","volume":"56","author":"MT Kasson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kasson, M. T. et al. An inordinate fondness for Fusarium: Phylogenetic diversity of fusaria cultivated by ambrosia beetles in the genus Euwallacea on avocado and other plant hosts. Fungal Genet. Biol. 56, 147\u2013157 (2013).","journal-title":"Fungal Genet. Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"48809_CR23","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"DF Gomez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gomez, D. F. et al. Species delineation within the Euwallacea fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) complex revealed by morphometric and phylogenetic analyses. Insect Syst. Divers. 2 (6), 1\u201311 (2018).","journal-title":"Insect Syst. Divers."},{"key":"48809_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-07-17-1042-RE","volume":"102","author":"F Na","year":"2018","unstructured":"Na, F. et al. Two novel fungal symbionts Fusarium kuroshium sp. nov. and Graphium kuroshium sp. nov. of kuroshio shot hole borer (Euwallacea sp. nr. fornicatus) cause Fusarium dieback on woody host species in California. Plant Dis. 102, 1154\u20131164 (2018).","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"key":"48809_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2020.126440","volume":"235","author":"N B\u00e1ez-Vallejo","year":"2020","unstructured":"B\u00e1ez-Vallejo, N. et al. Forest tree associated bacteria for potential biological control of Fusarium solani and of Fusarium kuroshium, causal agent of Fusarium dieback. Microbiol. Res. 235, 126440 (2020).","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"48809_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13040268","volume":"13","author":"A Guti\u00e9rrez-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez-S\u00e1nchez, A. et al. Characterization of the exo-metabolome of the emergent phytopathogen Fusarium kuroshium sp. nov., a causal agent of Fusarium dieback. Toxins 13, 268 (2021).","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"48809_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7722","DOI":"10.1038\/srep07722","volume":"5","author":"M Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang, M. et al. Water balance altered in cucumber plants infected with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. Sci. Rep. 5, 7722 (2015).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"48809_CR28","first-page":"181","volume":"41","author":"A Nobuchi","year":"1973","unstructured":"Nobuchi, A. & Ono, S. Bark beetles from the Bonin islands (Coleoptera, Scolytidae). Entomol. Soc. Jpn. 41, 181\u2013182 (1973).","journal-title":"Entomol. Soc. Jpn."},{"key":"48809_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.4241\/kyubyochu.52.60","volume":"52","author":"T Yamaguchi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yamaguchi, T. et al. Insect pests of the mango plant, Mangifera indica, on the Amami islands, Japan. Kyushu Plant Prot. Res. 52, 60\u201365 (2006).","journal-title":"Kyushu Plant Prot. Res."},{"key":"48809_CR30","first-page":"612","volume":"66","author":"T Yamaguchi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yamaguchi, T. Insect pests of the mango plant in Japan, and their managements. Plant Prot. 66, 612\u2013618 (2012).","journal-title":"Plant Prot."},{"key":"48809_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1127\/entomologia\/2022\/1234","volume":"42","author":"Y Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, Y. et al. Uncovering the hidden diversity within the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex in China. Entomol. Gen. 42, 631\u2013639 (2022).","journal-title":"Entomol. Gen."},{"key":"48809_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.3852\/10-307","volume":"103","author":"FA Nalim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nalim, F. A., Samuels, G. J., Wijesundera, R. L. & Geiser, D. M. New species from the Fusarium solani species complex derived from perithecia and soil in the old world tropics. Mycologia 103, 1302\u20131330 (2011).","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"key":"48809_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3114\/fuse.2022.09.08","volume":"9","author":"PW Crous","year":"2022","unstructured":"Crous, P. W. et al. Fusarium and allied fusarioid taxa (FUSA). Fungal Syst. Evol. 9, 161\u2013200 (2022).","journal-title":"Fungal Syst. Evol."},{"key":"48809_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1126\/science.153.3732.193","volume":"153","author":"LR Batra","year":"1966","unstructured":"Batra, L. R. Ambrosia fungi: Extent of specificity to ambrosia beetles. Science 153, 193\u2013195 (1966).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"48809_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2014.10.014","volume":"82","author":"K O\u2019Donnell","year":"2015","unstructured":"O\u2019Donnell, K. et al. Discordant phylogenies suggest repeated host shifts in the Fusarium-Euwallacea ambrosia beetle mutualism. Fungal Genet. Biol. 82, 277\u2013290 (2015).","journal-title":"Fungal Genet. Biol."},{"key":"48809_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2019.103269","volume":"133","author":"JD Carrillo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Carrillo, J. D. et al. Members of the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex exhibit promiscuous mutualism with ambrosia fungi in Taiwan. Fungal Genet. Biol. 133, 103269 (2019).","journal-title":"Fungal Genet. Biol."},{"key":"48809_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s13199-019-00652-0","volume":"80","author":"JD Carrillo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carrillo, J. D., Dodge, C., Stouthamer, R. & Eskalen, A. Fungal symbionts of the polyphagous and kuroshio shot hole borers (Coleoptera: Scolytinae, Euwallacea spp.) in California can support both ambrosia beetle systems on artificial media. Symbiosis 80, 155\u2013168 (2020).","journal-title":"Symbiosis"},{"key":"48809_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/ffgc.2021.654702","volume":"4","author":"Z Mendel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mendel, Z. et al. What determines host range and reproductive performance of an invasive ambrosia beetle Euwallacea fornicatus: Lessons from Israel and California. Front. For. Glob. Change 4, 654702 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. For. Glob. Change"},{"key":"48809_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.3852\/15-063","volume":"108","author":"SC Lynch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lynch, S. C. et al. Identification, pathogenicity and abundance of Paracremonium pembeum sp. nov. and Graphium euwallaceae sp. nov.\u2014two newly discovered mycangial associates of the polyphagous shot hole borer (Euwallacea sp.) in California. Mycologia 108, 313\u2013329 (2016).","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"key":"48809_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0329.2005.00424.x","volume":"35","author":"K Kuroda","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kuroda, K. Xylem dysfunction in Yezo spruce (Picea jezoensis) after inoculation with the blue-stain fungus Ceratocystis polonica. Forest Pathol. 35, 346\u2013358 (2005).","journal-title":"Forest Pathol."},{"key":"48809_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s12600-017-0598-6","volume":"45","author":"Z Mendel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mendel, Z. et al. The role of Euwallacea nr. fornicatus (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) in the wilt syndrome of avocado trees in Israel. Phytoparasitica 45, 341\u2013359 (2017).","journal-title":"Phytoparasitica"},{"key":"48809_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-09-14-0923-PDN","volume":"99","author":"LM Serrato-Diaz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Serrato-Diaz, L. M., Perez-Cuevas, M., Rivera-Vargas, L. I., Goenaga, R. & French-Monar, R. D. First report of Fusarium decemcellulare causing inflorescence wilt and vascular and flower necrosis of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum), longan (Dimocarpus longan), and mango (Mangifera indica). Plant Dis. 99, 1187 (2015).","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"key":"48809_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1111\/jph.12117","volume":"161","author":"YX Qi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Qi, Y. X. et al.\u00a0First report of dieback of mango caused by Fusarium decemcellulare in China. J. Phytopathol. 161, 735\u2013738 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Phytopathol."},{"key":"48809_CR44","first-page":"181","volume":"36","author":"MA Khanzada","year":"2004","unstructured":"Khanzada, M. A., Lodhi, A. M. & Shahzad, S. Pathogenicity of Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Fusarium solani on mango. Pak. J. Bot. 36, 181\u2013190 (2004).","journal-title":"Pak. J. Bot."},{"key":"48809_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2020.00027","volume":"8","author":"AI Cognato","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cognato, A. I. et al. The essential role of taxonomic expertise in the creation of DNA databases for the identification and delimitation of Southeast Asian ambrosia beetle species (Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini). Front. Ecol. Evol. 8, 27 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"48809_CR46","unstructured":"Swofford, D. L. PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and Other methods). Version 4 (Sunderland, 2002)."},{"key":"48809_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725210","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.725210","volume":"12","author":"ZR Jiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jiang, Z. R., Masuya, H. & Kajimura, H. Novel symbiotic association between Euwallacea ambrosia beetle and Fusarium fungus on fig trees in Japan. Front. Microbiol. 12, 725210 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"48809_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.3390\/d14070535","volume":"14","author":"ZR Jiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jiang, Z. R., Masuya, H. & Kajimura, H. Fungal flora in adult females of the rearing population of ambrosia beetle Euwallacea interjectus (Blandford) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae): Does it differ from the wild population?. Diversity 14, 535 (2022).","journal-title":"Diversity"},{"key":"48809_CR49","first-page":"315","volume-title":"PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications","author":"TJ White","year":"1990","unstructured":"White, T. J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. W. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications (eds Innis, M. A. et al.) 315\u2013322 (Elsevier, 1990)."},{"key":"48809_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.5.2044","volume":"95","author":"K O\u2019Donnell","year":"1998","unstructured":"O\u2019Donnell, K., Kistler, H. C., Cigelnik, E. & Ploetz, R. C. Multiple evolutionary origins of the fungus causing Panama disease of banana: Concordant evidence from nuclear and mitochondrial gene genealogies. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, 2044\u20132049 (1998).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"48809_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msw054","volume":"33","author":"S Kumar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kumar, S., Stecher, G. & Tamura, K. MEGA7: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Mol. Biol. Evol. 33, 1870\u20131874 (2016).","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"48809_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10101912","volume":"10","author":"ZR Jiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jiang, Z. R. et al. The role of mycangial fungi associated with ambrosia beetles (Euwallacea interjectus) in fig wilt disease: Dual inoculation of Fusarium kuroshium and Ceratocystis ficicola can bring fig saplings to early symptom development. Microorganisms 10, 1912 (2022).","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"48809_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-020-01392-8","volume":"113","author":"KM Lynn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lynn, K. M. et al. Euwallacea perbrevis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), a confirmed pest on Acacia crassicarpa in Riau, Indonesia, and a new fungal symbiont; Fusarium rekanum sp. nov. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 113, 803\u2013823 (2020).","journal-title":"Antonie van Leeuwenhoek"},{"key":"48809_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.3390\/insects10090261","volume":"10","author":"SM Smith","year":"2019","unstructured":"Smith, S. M., Gomez, D. F., Beaver, R. A., Hulcr, J. & Cognato, A. I. Reassessment of the species in the Euwallacea fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) complex after the rediscovery of the \u201clost\u201d type specimen. Insects 10, 261 (2019).","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"48809_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1653\/024.099.0335","volume":"99","author":"CDJ Garc\u00eda-Avila","year":"2016","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Avila, C. D. J. et al. First report of Euwallacea nr. fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Mexico. Fla. Entomol. 99, 555\u2013556 (2016).","journal-title":"Fla. Entomol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-023-48809-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-023-48809-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-023-48809-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T19:09:04Z","timestamp":1701976144000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-023-48809-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["48809"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-48809-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 June 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 November 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 December 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"21634"}}