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A total of 400 samples were collected from four (4) different locations, namely Tashan Bama,\u00a0Gomboru\n                    <jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and Monday Market\n                    <jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic>\n                    (n\u2009=\u2009100), while fifty (n\u2009=\u200950) each from 202-Vegetable-Vendors and Unimaid Commercials. A total of 16 visits were conducted in all the sampling areas (twenty-five samples per visit).\u00a0The\n                    <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n                    oocysts were detected using the Modified Ziehl\u2013Neelsen\u00a0Staining\u00a0Technique. The locations, sources, and types of raw-eaten vegetables were also\u00a0assessed.\u00a0The\u00a0oocysts\u00a0were\u00a0confirmed (100\u00d7) as bright pink spherules.\u00a0Data generated were analyzed using IBM-SPSS V23.0, and p\u2009\u2264\u20090.05 was considered significant.\u00a0Out of the total samples (n\u2009=\u2009400) analyzed, cabbage appeared to have the highest number of 10 (12.5%) of\n                    <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n                    oocysts detected, while Tomato and garden egg had 9 (11.3%) and 1 (1.2%), respectively. There was a statistically significant association (\u03c7\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u200912.5,\u00a0P\u2009=\u20090.014) between the presence of\n                    <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n                    oocysts in raw-eaten vegetables and vegetable types. Among the sources of the vegetables sampled, Alau had the highest number of\n                    <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n                    oocysts, 15 (12.5%), followed by Kilari-Abdullahi and Zabarmari sources with 4 (10.0%) and 4 (5.0%), respectively. However, Jetete appeared to have the least number 2 (2.5%) of oocysts, and there was a statistically significant association (\u03c7\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    =\u200910.4, P\u2009=\u20090.034) between the presence of\n                    <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n                    oocysts and the sources of vegetables and fruits. The study concludes that the raw-eaten vegetables sampled from Maiduguri Metropolis were contaminated with\n                    <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n                    oocysts. The study recommends that all raw-eaten vegetables should be from cleaned sources and washed before consumption. Consumers should be enlightened on the hygienic measures in the food chain in line with the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) principles.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-49451-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,28]],"date-time":"2023-12-28T09:02:29Z","timestamp":1703754149000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence and risk estimates of Cryptosporidium oocysts infection associated with consumption of raw-eaten vegetables in Maiduguri metropolis LGAs, Northeast Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"A. S.","family":"Saidu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. 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