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Sixty eyes of 60 children with a mean follow-up time of 58.5\u00a0months were included in this study. At baseline, mean age of children was 55.6\u2009\u00b1\u200913.1\u00a0months, mean spherical equivalent (SE) was \u2212\u00a08.59\u2009\u00b1\u20092.66 D, and 25.64\u2009\u00b1\u20091.16\u00a0mm for axial length (AL). The total annual rate of myopic progression and axial elongation were \u2212\u00a00.37\u2009\u00b1\u20090.39 D\/year and 0.33\u2009\u00b1\u20090.18\u00a0mm\/year, respectively. During follow-up period, there was a trend toward less myopic progression and axial elongation over time. Of the total participants, 24 children (40%) were in the myopia progression group and the remaining 36 children (60%) were in the myopia stability group. In multiple linear regression analysis, baseline SE and AL were independently associated with myopic progression, while age, sex, and baseline AL-to-CR ratio were not related to myopic progression. According to the model, more myopic SE (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u00a00.186, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.035) and longer AL (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u00a00.391, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008) at baseline were significantly associated with myopic progression. Myopia progression in preschoolers with high myopia tended to be relatively modest, with 60% of subjects exhibited myopic stability. Higher myopic SE, and longer AL at baseline were associated with myopic progression in preschool children with high myopia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-50004-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T07:02:16Z","timestamp":1702882936000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Longitudinal analysis of refraction and ocular biometrics in preschool children with early-onset high myopia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hae Ri","family":"Yum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin Hae","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun Young","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"50004_CR1","unstructured":"Ikuno, Y. & Ohji, M. 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