{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T20:31:29Z","timestamp":1788985889449,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,6]],"date-time":"2024-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704499200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,6]],"date-time":"2024-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the accuracy of CBCT in implant-supported prostheses and to evaluate metal artifacts with and without implants or implant prostheses. Accuracy and artifacts were assessed in the dried mandible at three points on the buccal and lingual cortical plates on the mandible's body near the crest and the base. On the buccal cortical plate, these points were labelled as A, B and C near the crest and D, E and F near the base of the body of the mandible. Similarly, points a to f were marked on the lingual cortical plate corresponding to points A to F. The study had two control groups, C0 for physical linear measurement (PLM) and C1 for radiographic linear measurement (RLM) and artifact assessment. There were seven test groups, TG 1 to 7, progressing from a single implant to implant full-arch prosthesis. For accuracy assessment, PLM was compared to RLM. CBCT artifacts were investigated in images integrated at 0.25\u00a0mm, 10\u00a0mm, and 20\u00a0mm at regions of interest on concentric circles at different intersecting angles by comparing grayscale values at C1 and TG1 to 7. The data were collected and statistically analyzed. A significant difference was observed between C0 and C1, and RLM in test groups at the superior axial plane. Similarly, PLM and test RLM in the sagittal plane at A-B, B-C, and D-E were statistically significant. A significant difference between PLM and RLM was also observed in the vertical plane at A-D, B-E, and C-F. Quantification of CBCT artifacts in the presence of implants or prostheses revealed that full-arch prostheses had the highest mean grayscale value, whereas single implants with a prosthesis had the lowest. The mean grayscale change was greatest around the implant and implant prosthesis. The mean grayscale value was maximum at 20\u00a0mm voxel integration scales (VIS) and lowest at 0.25\u00a0mm. CBCT is a clinically reliable device. Metal in implants or implant-supported prostheses prevents true assessment of the peri-implant area; therefore, lower VIS is suggested in the presence of implants or implant prostheses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-51293-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,6]],"date-time":"2024-01-06T10:02:08Z","timestamp":1704535328000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The role of implants and implant prostheses on the accuracy and artifacts of cone-beam computed tomography: an in-vitro study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Balwant Singh","family":"Gurjar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vineet","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyoti","family":"Paliwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajani","family":"Kalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamal Kumar","family":"Meena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Tahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"51293_CR1","first-page":"814","volume":"31","author":"RA Danforth","year":"2003","unstructured":"Danforth, R. A. Cone beam volume tomography: A new digital imaging option for dentistry. J. Calif. Dent. Assoc. 31, 814\u2013815 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Calif. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"51293_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.4329\/wjr.v6.i10.794","volume":"6","author":"N Shah","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shah, N., Bansal, N. & Logani, A. Recent advances in imaging technologies in dentistry. World J. Radiol. 6, 794\u2013807 (2014).","journal-title":"World J. Radiol."},{"key":"51293_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.02.008","volume":"39","author":"AW Hendrikx","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hendrikx, A. W., Maal, T., Dieleman, F., Van Cann, E. M. & Merkx, M. A. Cone-beam CT in the assessment of mandibular invasion by oral squamous cell carcinoma: Results of the preliminary study. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 39, 436\u2013439 (2010).","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"51293_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2005.12.053","volume":"65","author":"JJ Closmann","year":"2007","unstructured":"Closmann, J. J. & Schmidt, B. L. The use of cone beam computed tomography as an aid in evaluating and treatment planning for mandibular cancer. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 65, 766\u2013771 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"51293_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2008.05.002","volume":"52","author":"DA Tyndall","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tyndall, D. A. & Rathore, S. Cone-beam CT diagnostic applications: Caries, periodontal bone assessment, and endodontic applications. Dent. Clin. N. Am. 52, 825\u2013841 (2008).","journal-title":"Dent. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"51293_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1007\/s003300050586","volume":"8","author":"P Mozzo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mozzo, P., Procacci, C., Tacconi, A., Martini, P. T. & Andreis, I. A. A new volumetric CT machine for dental imaging based on the cone-beam technique: Preliminary results. Eur. Radiol. 8, 1558\u20131564 (1998).","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"51293_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2005.05.057","volume":"100","author":"WC Scarfe","year":"2005","unstructured":"Scarfe, W. C. Imaging of maxillofacial trauma: Evolutions and emerging revolutions. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. 100, S75-96 (2005).","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod."},{"key":"51293_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/30642039","volume":"40","author":"R Schulze","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schulze, R. et al. Artefacts in CBCT: A review. Dentomaxillofac. Radiol. 40, 265\u2013273 (2011).","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac. Radiol."},{"key":"51293_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12048","volume":"24","author":"GI Benic","year":"2013","unstructured":"Benic, G. I., Sancho-Puchades, M., Jung, R. E., Deyhle, H. & H\u00e4mmerle, C. H. In vitro assessment of artifacts induced by titanium dental implants in cone beam computed tomography. Clin. Oral Implants Res. 24, 378\u2013383 (2013).","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"51293_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-36227-0","volume":"9","author":"MY Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee, M. Y., Song, K. H., Lee, J. W., Choe, B. Y. & Suh, T. S. Metal artifacts with dental implants: Evaluation using a dedicated CT\/MR oral phantom with registration of the CT and MR images. Sci. Rep. 9, 754 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"51293_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1097\/ID.0b013e31824bf93c","volume":"21","author":"MG Torres","year":"2012","unstructured":"Torres, M. G., Campos, P. S., Segundo, N. P., Navarro, M. & Cruso\u00e9-Rebello, I. Accuracy of linear measurements in cone beam computed tomography with different voxel sizes. Implant Dent. 21, 150\u2013155 (2012).","journal-title":"Implant Dent."},{"key":"51293_CR12","first-page":"271","volume":"12","author":"M Sheikhi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sheikhi, M., Dakhil-Alian, M. & Bahreinian, Z. Accuracy and reliability of linear measurements using tangential projection and cone beam computed tomography. Dent. Res. J. 12, 271\u2013277 (2015).","journal-title":"Dent. Res. J."},{"key":"51293_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2020.07.003","volume":"33","author":"AA Al-Ekrish","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al-Ekrish, A. A. Comparative study of the accuracy of CBCT implant site measurements using different software programs. Saudi Dent. J. 33, 355\u2013361 (2021).","journal-title":"Saudi Dent. J."},{"key":"51293_CR14","first-page":"38","volume":"7","author":"GS Amarnath","year":"2015","unstructured":"Amarnath, G. S. et al. Comparison of cone beam computed tomography, orthopantomography with direct ridge mapping for pre-surgical planning to place implants in cadaveric mandibles: An ex-vivo study. J. Int. Oral Health 7, 38\u201342 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Int. Oral Health"},{"key":"51293_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/32579161","volume":"36","author":"FG Draenert","year":"2007","unstructured":"Draenert, F. G., Coppenrath, E., Herzog, P., M\u00fcller, S. & Mueller-Lisse, U. G. Beam hardening artefacts occur in dental implant scans with the NewTom cone beam CT but not with the dental 4-row multidetector CT. Dentomaxillofac. Radiol. 36, 198\u2013203 (2007).","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac. Radiol."},{"key":"51293_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.070021","volume":"79","author":"LC Chen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chen, L. C., Lundgren, T., Hallstr\u00f6m, H. & Cherel, F. Comparison of different methods of assessing alveolar ridge dimensions prior to dental implant placement. J. Periodontol. 79, 401\u2013405 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"issue":"1","key":"51293_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2009.01817.x","volume":"21","author":"RK Schulze","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schulze, R. K., Berndt, D. & d'Hoedt, B. On cone-beam computed tomography artifacts induced by titanium implants. Clin. Oral Implants Res. 21(1), 100\u20137 (2010).","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"51293_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-1844","volume":"17","author":"AL Maroua","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maroua, A. L., Ajaj, M. & Hajeer, M. Y. The accuracy and reproducibility of linear measurements made on CBCT-derived digital models. J. Contemp. Dent. Pract. 17, 294\u2013299 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Contemp. Dent. Pract."},{"key":"51293_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.5624\/isd.2016.46.2.93","volume":"46","author":"R Ganguly","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ganguly, R., Ramesh, A. & Pagni, S. The accuracy of linear measurements of maxillary and mandibular edentulous sites in cone-beam computed tomography images with different fields of view and voxel sizes under simulated clinical conditions. Imaging Sci. Dent. 46, 93\u2013101 (2016).","journal-title":"Imaging Sci. Dent."},{"key":"51293_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.2319\/040115-214.1","volume":"86","author":"CC Menezes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Menezes, C. C., Janson, G., da Silveira, M. C., Cambiaghi, L. & Garib, D. G. Precision, reproducibility, and accuracy of bone crest level measurements of CBCT cross sections using different resolutions. Angle Orthod. 86, 535\u2013542 (2016).","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"51293_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3848207","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3848207","volume":"2017","author":"A Gr\u00f6be","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gr\u00f6be, A. et al. Accuracy of bone measurements in the vicinity of titanium implants in CBCT data sets: A comparison of radiological and histological findings in minipigs. Biomed. Res. Int. 2017, 3848207 (2017).","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"51293_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bohner, LOL., Tortamano, P., Marotti, J. Accuracy of linear measurements around dental implants by means of cone beam computed tomography with different exposure parameters. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 46(5), 20160377 (2017).","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20160377"},{"key":"51293_CR23","first-page":"333","volume":"13","author":"AR Rokn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rokn, A. R. et al. Accuracy of linear measurements using cone beam computed tomography in comparison with clinical measurements. J. Dent. 13, 333\u2013339 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"51293_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.09.059","volume":"68","author":"NL Gerlach","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gerlach, N. L. et al. Reproducibility of 3 different tracing methods based on cone beam computed tomography in determining the anatomical position of the mandibular canal. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 68, 811\u2013817 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"51293_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.4073","volume":"30","author":"P Luangchana","year":"2015","unstructured":"Luangchana, P., Pornprasertsuk-Damrongsri, S., Kiattavorncharoen, S. & Jirajariyavej, B. Accuracy of linear measurements using cone beam computed tomography and panoramic radiography in dental implant treatment planning. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants 30, 1287\u20131294 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants"},{"key":"51293_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1109\/23.775600","volume":"46","author":"B De Man","year":"1999","unstructured":"De Man, B., Nuyts, J., Dupont, P., Marchal, G. & Suetens, P. Metal streak artifacts in X-ray computed tomography: A simulation study. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 46, 691\u2013696 (1999).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci."},{"key":"51293_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1653","volume":"30","author":"AC Miracle","year":"2009","unstructured":"Miracle, A. C. & Mukherji, S. K. Conebeam CT of the head and neck, part 1: Physical principles. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 30, 1088\u20131095 (2009).","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"51293_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v17i1.5826","volume":"17","author":"RF Kuo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kuo, R. F., Fang, K. M., Ty, W. & Hu, C. Y. Quantification of dental prostheses on cone-beam CT images by the Taguchi method. J. Appl. Clin. Med. Phys. 17, 207\u2013220 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Clin. Med. Phys."},{"key":"51293_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20180021","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20180021","volume":"47","author":"RC Fontenele","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fontenele, R. C., Nascimento, E. H., Vasconcelos, T. V., Noujeim, M. & Freitas, D. Q. Magnitude of cone beam CT image artifacts related to zirconium and titanium implants: Impact on image quality. Dentomaxillofac. Radiol. 47, 20180021 (2018).","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac. Radiol."},{"key":"51293_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.5624\/isd.20200320","volume":"51","author":"BR Terrabuio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Terrabuio, B. R. et al. Cone-beam computed tomography artifacts in the presence of dental implants and associated factors: An integrative review. Imaging Sci. Dent. 51, 93\u2013106 (2021).","journal-title":"Imaging Sci. Dent."},{"key":"51293_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2011.02382.x","volume":"24","author":"R Pauwels","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pauwels, R. et al. Quantification of metal artifacts on cone beam computed tomography images. Clin. Oral Implants Res. 24, 94\u201399 (2013).","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"51293_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2020.12.003","volume":"132","author":"AP Candemil","year":"2021","unstructured":"Candemil, A. P. et al. Influence of voxel size on cone beam computed tomography artifacts arising from the exomass. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. 132, 456\u2013464 (2021).","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-51293-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-51293-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-51293-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T14:04:20Z","timestamp":1704809060000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-51293-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,6]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["51293"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-51293-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 June 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 January 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 January 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"704"}}