{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T14:43:37Z","timestamp":1788965017542,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["22K16756"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K16756"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002491","name":"Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002491","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008734","name":"Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Welfare Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008734","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007449","name":"Takeda Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007449","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Hospital Organization","award":["."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["."]}]},{"name":"Teijin Pharma Limited","award":["."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["."]}]},{"name":"Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited","award":["."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["."]}]},{"name":"Pfizer Japan Inc.","award":["."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["."]}]},{"name":"Merck Sharp and Dohme Inc.","award":["."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["."]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012351","name":"Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012351","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023368","name":"Eisai Co. Ltd.","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023368","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.","award":["."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["."]}]},{"name":"Astellas Pharma Inc.","award":["."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["."]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009015","name":"Abbott Japan Co. Ltd","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by arthralgia and myalgia of the shoulder and hip girdles, and fever. PMR is linked to autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory disorders. Exome sequencing has revealed the roles of rare variants in some diseases. Causative genes for monogenic autoinflammatory disorders might be candidate genes for the selective exome analysis of PMR. We investigated rare variants in the coding and boundary regions of candidate genes for PMR. Exome sequencing was performed to analyze deleterious rare variants in candidate genes, and the frequencies of the deleterious rare alleles in PMR were compared with those of Japanese population controls. Deleterious rare alleles in the <jats:italic>NLRL12<\/jats:italic> gene were associated with PMR (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0069, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>c\u2009=\u20090.0415, odds ratio [OR] 4.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.79\u201311.27). A multigene analysis demonstrated the deleterious rare allele frequency of the candidate genes for autoinflammatory disorders was also increased in PMR (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0016, OR 3.69, 95%CI 1.81\u20137.54). The deleterious rare allele frequencies of the candidate genes including <jats:italic>NLRP12<\/jats:italic> were increased in PMR patients, showing links to autoinflammatory disorders in the pathogenesis of PMR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-51320-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T08:02:05Z","timestamp":1704355325000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The contributions of deleterious rare alleles in NLRP12 and inflammasome-related genes to polymyalgia rheumatica"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Takashi","family":"Higuchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shomi","family":"Oka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Furukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeto","family":"Tohma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"51320_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60680-1","volume":"381","author":"TA Kermani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kermani, T. A. & Warrington, K. J. Polymyalgia rheumatica. Lancet 381, 63\u201372 (2013).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"51320_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102670","volume":"19","author":"G Carvajal Alegria","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carvajal Alegria, G., Boukhlal, S., Cornec, D. & Devauchelle-Pensec, V. The pathophysiology of polymyalgia rheumatica, small pieces of a big puzzle. Autoimmun Rev 19, 102670 (2020).","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"51320_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.3109\/s10165-007-0595-6","volume":"17","author":"S Mori","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mori, S., Koga, Y. & Ito, K. Clinical characteristics of polymyalgia rheumatica in Japanese patients: Evidence of synovitis and extracapsular inflammatory changes by fat suppression magnetic resonance imaging. Mod Rheumatol 17, 369\u2013375 (2007).","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"51320_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanaka, Y., Tanaka, S., Takahashi, T. & Kato, N. Clinical features of polymyalgia rheumatica patients in Japan: Analysis of real-world data from 2015 to 2020. Mod Rheumatol 6 (2023).","DOI":"10.1093\/mr\/road026"},{"key":"51320_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-1149.S6-003","author":"EC Pfeifer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pfeifer, E. C., Crowson, C. S., Major, B. T. & Matteson, E. L. Polymyalgia rheumatica and its association with cancer. Rheumatology (Sunnyvale) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4172\/2161-1149.S6-003 (2015).","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Sunnyvale)"},{"key":"51320_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203465","volume":"73","author":"S Muller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Muller, S., Hider, S. L., Belcher, J., Helliwell, T. & Mallen, C. D. Is cancer associated with polymyalgia rheumatica? A cohort study in the General Practice Research Database. Ann Rheum Dis 73, 1769\u20131773 (2014).","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"51320_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-020-00919-2","volume":"22","author":"T Gazitt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gazitt, T., Zisman, D. & Gardner, G. Polymyalgia rheumatica: A common disease in seniors. Curr Rheumatol Rep 22, 40 (2020).","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"51320_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-018-1757-y","volume":"20","author":"R Partington","year":"2018","unstructured":"Partington, R., Helliwell, T., Muller, S., Abdul Sultan, A. & Mallen, C. Comorbidities in polymyalgia rheumatica: A systematic review. Arthritis Res Ther 20, 258 (2018).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"51320_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/35.7.632","volume":"35","author":"S Haworth","year":"1996","unstructured":"Haworth, S. et al. Polymyalgia rheumatica is associated with both HLA-DRB1*0401 and DRB1*0404. Br J Rheumatol 35, 632\u2013635 (1996).","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"51320_CR10","first-page":"1215","volume":"27","author":"C Salvarani","year":"2000","unstructured":"Salvarani, C. et al. Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 gene polymorphisms in polymyalgia rheumatica\/giant cell arteritis: Association with disease risk and severity. J Rheumatol 27, 1215\u20131221 (2000).","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"51320_CR11","first-page":"391","volume":"18","author":"RF Makki","year":"2000","unstructured":"Makki, R. F. et al. RANTES gene polymorphism in polymyalgia rheumatica, giant cell arteritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 18, 391\u2013393 (2000).","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"51320_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200008)43:8<1749::AID-ANR11>3.0.CO;2-K","volume":"43","author":"DL Mattey","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mattey, D. L. et al. Association of giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica with different tumor necrosis factor microsatellite polymorphisms. Arthritis Rheum 43, 1749\u20131755 (2000).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"51320_CR13","first-page":"675","volume":"18","author":"L Boiardi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Boiardi, L. et al. Interleukin-1 cluster and tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene polymorphisms in polymyalgia rheumatica. Clin Exp Rheumatol 18, 675\u2013681 (2000).","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"51320_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2008.10.011","volume":"70","author":"L Alvarez-Rodriguez","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alvarez-Rodriguez, L. et al. Interleukin-1RN gene polymorphisms in elderly patients with rheumatic inflammatory chronic conditions: Association of IL-1RN*2\/2 genotype with polymyalgia rheumatica. Hum Immunol 70, 49\u201354 (2009).","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"51320_CR15","first-page":"179","volume":"20","author":"MA Gonzalez-Gay","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Gay, M. A. et al. IL-6 promoter polymorphism at position -174 modulates the phenotypic expression of polymyalgia rheumatica in biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 20, 179\u2013184 (2002).","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"51320_CR16","first-page":"726","volume":"33","author":"C L\u00f6ffers","year":"2015","unstructured":"L\u00f6ffers, C., Heilig, B. & Hecker, M. T-786C single nucleotide polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene as a risk factor for endothelial dysfunction in polymyalgia rheumatica. Clin Exp Rheumatol 33, 726\u2013730 (2015).","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"51320_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203641","volume":"72","author":"A Serrano","year":"2013","unstructured":"Serrano, A. et al. Identification of the PTPN22 functional variant R620W as susceptibility genetic factor for giant cell arteritis. Ann Rheum Dis 72, 1882\u20131886 (2013).","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"51320_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket231","volume":"53","author":"FD Carmona","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carmona, F. D., Gonzalez-Gay, M. A. & Martin, J. Genetic component of giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 53, 6\u201318 (2014).","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"51320_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2015.02.009","volume":"96","author":"FD Carmona","year":"2015","unstructured":"Carmona, F. D. et al. A large-scale genetic analysis reveals a strong contribution of the HLA class II region to giant cell arteritis susceptibility. Am J Hum Genet 96, 565\u2013580 (2015).","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"51320_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2016.11.013","volume":"100","author":"FD Carmona","year":"2017","unstructured":"Carmona, F. D. et al. A genome-wide association study identifies risk alleles in plasminogen and P4HA2 associated with giant cell arteritis. Am J Hum Genet 100, 64\u201374 (2017).","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"51320_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000694","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2018-000694","volume":"4","author":"A Floris","year":"2018","unstructured":"Floris, A., Piga, M., Cauli, A., Salvarani, C. & Mathieu, A. Polymyalgia rheumatica: An autoinflammatory disorder?. RMD Open 4, e000694 (2018).","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"51320_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1099870","volume":"305","author":"JC Cohen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cohen, J. C. et al. Multiple rare alleles contribute to low plasma levels of HDL cholesterol. Science 305, 869\u2013872 (2004).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"51320_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3278","volume":"47","author":"BD Stuart","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stuart, B. D. et al. Exome sequencing links mutations in PARN and RTEL1 with familial pulmonary fibrosis and telomere shortening. Nat Genet 47, 512\u2013517 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"51320_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201610-2088OC","volume":"196","author":"S Petrovski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Petrovski, S. et al. An exome sequencing study to assess the role of rare genetic variation in pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 196, 82\u201393 (2017).","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"51320_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1602314","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02314-2016","volume":"49","author":"PA Juge","year":"2017","unstructured":"Juge, P. A. et al. Shared genetic predisposition in rheumatoid arthritis-interstitial lung disease and familial pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J 49, 1602314 (2017).","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"51320_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-1319","volume":"168","author":"S Lata","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lata, S. et al. Whole-exome sequencing in adults with chronic kidney disease: A pilot study. Ann Intern Med 168, 100\u2013109 (2018).","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"51320_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04120417","volume":"13","author":"JK Warejko","year":"2018","unstructured":"Warejko, J. K. et al. Whole exome sequencing of patients with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 13, 53\u201362 (2018).","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"51320_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-015-0201-1","volume":"35","author":"C Picard","year":"2015","unstructured":"Picard, C. et al. Primary immunodeficiency diseases: An update on the classification from the international union of immunological societies expert committee for primary immunodeficiency 2015. J Clin Immunol 35, 696\u2013726 (2015).","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"51320_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1080\/14397595.2020.1784542","volume":"31","author":"Y Hidaka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hidaka, Y. et al. Clinical phenotypes and genetic analyses for diagnosis of systemic autoinflammatory diseases in adult patients with unexplained fever. Mod Rheumatol 31, 704\u2013709 (2021).","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"51320_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-214472","volume":"78","author":"NM Ter Haar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ter Haar, N. M. et al. Clinical characteristics and genetic analyses of 187 patients with undefined autoinflammatory diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 78, 1405\u20131411 (2019).","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"51320_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-019-04252-5","volume":"39","author":"\u0130 Karacan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Karacan, \u0130 et al. Diagnostic utility of a targeted next-generation sequencing gene panel in the clinical suspicion of systemic autoinflammatory diseases: A multi-center study. Rheumatol Int 39, 911\u2013919 (2019).","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"51320_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34356","volume":"64","author":"B Dasgupta","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dasgupta, B. et al. 2012 provisional classification criteria for polymyalgia rheumatica: A European League Against Rheumatism\/American College of Rheumatology collaborative initiative. Arthritis Rheum 64, 943\u2013954 (2012).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"51320_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20150268","volume":"26","author":"S Kuriyama","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kuriyama, S. et al. The Tohoku medical megabank project: Design and mission. J Epidemiol 26, 493\u2013511 (2016).","journal-title":"J Epidemiol"},{"key":"51320_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth0410-248","volume":"7","author":"IA Adzhubei","year":"2010","unstructured":"Adzhubei, I. A. et al. A method and server for predicting damaging missense mutations. Nat Methods 7, 248\u2013249 (2010).","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"51320_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.58.12.751","volume":"58","author":"K Shichikawa","year":"1999","unstructured":"Shichikawa, K. et al. Changes in the incidence and prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in Kamitonda, Wakayama, Japan, 1965\u20131996. Ann Rheum Dis 58, 751\u2013756 (1999).","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"51320_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1080\/14397595.2019.1682776","volume":"30","author":"M Kojima","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kojima, M. et al. Epidemiological characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis in Japan: Prevalence estimates using a nationwide population-based questionnaire survey. Mod Rheumatol 30, 941\u2013947 (2020).","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"51320_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000029","volume":"93","author":"K Migita","year":"2014","unstructured":"Migita, K. et al. Familial Mediterranean fever: Genotype-phenotype correlations in Japanese patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 93, 158\u2013164 (2014).","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"51320_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200413","volume":"71","author":"NT Baerlecken","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baerlecken, N. T. et al. Association of ferritin autoantibodies with giant cell arteritis\/polymyalgia rheumatica. Ann Rheum Dis 71, 943\u2013947 (2012).","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"51320_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2012.733959","volume":"42","author":"K Gro\u00dfe","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gro\u00dfe, K., Schmidt, R. E., Witte, T. & Baerlecken, N. T. Epitope mapping of antibodies against ferritin heavy chain in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Scand J Rheumatol 42, 215\u2013219 (2013).","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"51320_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780370411","volume":"37","author":"CM Weyand","year":"1994","unstructured":"Weyand, C. M., Hunder, N. N., Hicok, K. C., Hunder, G. G. & Goronzy, J. J. HLA-DRB1 alleles in polymyalgia rheumatica, giant cell arteritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 37, 514\u2013520 (1994).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-51320-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-51320-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-51320-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T08:05:13Z","timestamp":1704355513000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-51320-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["51320"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-51320-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 November 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 January 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 January 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"ST received honoraria from Pfizer Japan Inc., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Astellas Pharma Inc., AbbVie GK., and Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation. ST was supported by research grants from Teijin Pharma Limited, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Pfizer Japan Inc., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Merck Sharp and Dohme Inc., Eisai Co., Ltd., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Astellas Pharma Inc., and Abbott Japan Co., Ltd. HF received honoraria from Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Pfizer Japan Inc., Luminex Japan Corporation Ltd., Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Ayumi Pharmaceutical Corporation, and Ajinomoto Co., Inc. HF was supported by research grants from Bristol-Myers-Squibb Co., Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Welfare Foundation established by Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Co., Ltd., Daiwa Securities Health Foundation established by Daiwa Securities Group Inc., Nakatomi Foundation established by Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co., Inc., Takeda Science Foundation supported by Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, and Japan Research Foundation for Clinical Pharmacology run by Daiichi Sankyo. The other authors declare no financial or commercial conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"490"}}