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Yet, little is known about whether distinct consumer groups are formed based on consumption setting and intention. We aimed to characterize different types of recreational MDMA users based on consumption setting and intentions, and to examine their differences in perceptions of long-term social-emotional effects of MDMA use. We analyzed self-reports of 766 individuals (ages 18\u201361, mostly from Western countries), reporting on their MDMA consumption habits and perceived effects. We used a K-medoids clustering algorithm to identify distinct types of consumption settings and intentions. We identified three setting types \u2013 party settings with friends (N\u2009=\u2009388), private home settings (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009132), mixed settings (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009246) \u2013 and three intention types \u2013\u00a0euphoria and energy (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009302), self-insight (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009219), mixed intentions (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009245). Members of the self-insight and mixed intentions clusters reported considerably more long-term socio-emotional benefits than members of the euphoria and energy cluster. No differences were observed between the setting clusters. In this particular sample, more long-term benefits than harms were reported. Our findings suggest that the long-term social-emotional benefits of MDMA are associated with whether users seek self-insight or have mixed intentions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-51355-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,10]],"date-time":"2024-02-10T16:15:37Z","timestamp":1707581737000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Subjective long-term emotional and social effects of recreational MDMA use: the role of setting and intentions"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Timon","family":"Elmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya K.","family":"Vannoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erich","family":"Studerus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Lyubomirsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"51355_CR1","volume-title":"European Drug Report 2016: Trends and Developments","author":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","year":"2016","unstructured":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. 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