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We find the Nevado del Ruiz plume to have exhibited relatively steady, high CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    compositions (avg. CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/S\n                    <jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub>\n                    ratios of 5.4\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9) throughout. Our degassing models support that the CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/S\n                    <jats:sub>T<\/jats:sub>\n                    ratio variability derives from volatile exsolution from andesitic magma stored in the 1\u20134\u00a0km depth range. Separate ascent of CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -rich gas bubbles through shallow (&lt;\u20091\u00a0km depth), viscous, conduit resident magma causes the observed excess degassing. We infer that degassing of\u2009~\u2009974 mm\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    of shallow (1\u20134\u00a0km) stored magma has sourced the elevated SO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    degassing recorded during 2018\u20132021 (average flux\u2009~\u20091548 t\/d). Of this, only\u2009&lt;\u20091 mm\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    of magma have been erupted through dome extrusion, highlighting a large imbalance between erupted and degassed magma. Escalating deep CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    gas flushing, combined with the disruption of passive degassing, through sudden accumulation and pressurization of bubbles due to lithostatic pressure, may accelerate volcanic unrest and eventually lead to a major eruption.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-51380-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T13:02:40Z","timestamp":1705064560000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Excess degassing drives long-term volcanic unrest at Nevado del Ruiz"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Lages","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoraida","family":"Chac\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Aiuppa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Arellano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"Bitetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juli\u00e1n O.","family":"Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Coppola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Laiolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Massimetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Casta\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Laverde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Tamburello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"Giudice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"51380_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781107415683.009","volume-title":"Volcanism and Global Environmental Change","author":"A Aiuppa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aiuppa, A. 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