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Here, we present a retrospective study and cartography of ectoparasite <jats:italic>Varroa destructor<\/jats:italic> and intracellular microsporidia parasite <jats:italic>Nosema<\/jats:italic> spp. These two major parasites were identified in the diseased honey bee samples between 2015 and 2022. <jats:italic>Varroa<\/jats:italic> infestation level (VIL) was examined by a wash technique (Mites\/100 bees) and calculated as a percentage, while <jats:italic>Nosema<\/jats:italic> infection was quantified by microscopical spore count (Million Spores\/Bee). Data were analyzed by month, year, state, and by nine geographical climate regions described in the U.S. Of adult bee samples (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094039) that were analyzed for <jats:italic>Varroa<\/jats:italic> mite infestation, the overall VIL in the U.S. ranged between 0.4 and  30.85%, with an overall national VIL and <jats:italic>Varroa<\/jats:italic> prevalence of 8.21% and 85.14%, respectively. Overall monthly data showed VIL constantly exceeded the critical level of 4% except from June to September and reached a maximum of 15% in January and December. Nationwide, VIL significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) increased from 2015 to 2018 (1.1\u20134.7%), plateaued from 2018 to 2021 (4.7\u20134.5%), followed by a significant decrease in 2022 (3.6%). Significant VIL differences (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) were recorded among climate regions, with the highest mite infestation levels in the Upper Midwest region (13.9%) and the lowest in the West region (5.1%). Of adult bee samples (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092,994) that were analyzed <jats:italic>for Nosema<\/jats:italic> infection, <jats:italic>Nosema<\/jats:italic> spore count ranged between (1\u201316.8) million spores per bee among states, with a national average of 6.8 and a prevalence of 99.7%. The lowest and highest <jats:italic>Nosema<\/jats:italic> loads were respectively recorded in the South region (3.1) and Upper Midwest (10.5), a significant difference (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). No statistical differences were recorded among the six other climate regions. Overall, VIL and <jats:italic>Nosema<\/jats:italic> infection correlated significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) with a regression coefficient of (R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.6). Our data, which originated from ailing bee colonies, showed significantly higher rates of maladies compared to data from healthy colonies obtained by the USDA-APHIS National Honey Bee Survey, demonstrating the role of bee diseases caused by <jats:italic>Varroa<\/jats:italic> mite and <jats:italic>Nosema<\/jats:italic> in honey bee population declines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-51514-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T15:02:29Z","timestamp":1705676549000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Prevalence and distribution of Varroa destructor and Nosema spp. in symptomatic honey bee colonies across the USA from 2015 to 2022"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Samuel","family":"Abban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Corona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven C.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay D.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Alburaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"51514_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.1998.97154.x","volume":"12","author":"G Allen-Wardell","year":"1998","unstructured":"Allen-Wardell, G. et al. 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