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Using computational linguistics methods, we tested whether (1) play context influenced parent\u2013child socioemotional language, and (2) child conduct problems or callous-unemotional traits were associated with patterns of socioemotional or nonsocial language across contexts. Seventy-nine parent\u2013child dyads (children, 5\u20136\u00a0years old) played a socioemotional skills (\u201csocial context\u201d) or math (\u201cnonsocial context\u201d) game at home. We transcribed and analyzed game play, which had been audio recorded by participants. The social context elicited more socioemotional and cognitive words, while the nonsocial context elicited more mathematical words. The use of socioemotional language by parents and children was more strongly correlated in the social context, but context did not moderate the degree of correlation in cognitive or mathematical word use between parents and children. Children with more conduct problems used fewer socioemotional words in the social context, while children with higher callous-unemotional traits used fewer cognitive words in both contexts. We highlight the role of context in supporting socioemotionally rich parent\u2013child language interactions and provide preliminary evidence for the existence of linguistic markers of child behavior problems. Our results also inform naturalistic assessments of parent\u2013child interactions and home-based interventions for parents and children facing socioemotional or behavioral challenges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-51656-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T10:03:28Z","timestamp":1704881008000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Childhood conduct problems and parent\u2013child talk during social and nonsocial play contexts: a naturalistic home-based experiment"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sydney","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rista C.","family":"Plate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Callie","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuheiry","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chloe","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Murin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jules","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Parish-Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Waller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"51656_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00444","volume":"6","author":"KA Lindquist","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lindquist, K. 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