{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:18:44Z","timestamp":1791937124654,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although increase in physical activity is important to improve prognosis of cardiac patients in addition to hospital-based exercise cardiac rehabilitation, their physical activity levels are not properly understood. This study aimed to examine domain- and intensity-specific physical activity in individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD) and compare them with non-CHD individuals. Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2014 to 2019 were analyzed, including 1083 CHD patients and 38,532 non-CHD individuals. The inclusion criteria were age 19\u00a0years or older and data not missing for CHD information. Before and after propensity score matching (PSM) for age, sex, body mass index, education, household income, alcohol intake, and smoking status, domain (leisure, work, transportation)\u2014and intensity (moderate, vigorous) -specific physical activity participation levels were compared between individuals with and without CHD. Before PSM, CHD individuals were older, less educated, more sedentary, and participated less in PAs compared to non-CHD individuals. After PSM, CHD individuals had similar levels of domain-specific PAs. However, they had higher work-related PA levels (29.7\u2009\u00b1\u2009209.6 vs. 42.1\u2009\u00b1\u2009291.3\u00a0min\/week <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.022) and more sedentary time (487.2\u2009\u00b1\u2009224.2 vs. 514.1\u2009\u00b1\u2009228.7. <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003) than those without CHD. Subgroup analysis revealed lower leisure-related PA in men with CHD (63.5\u2009\u00b1\u2009165.5 vs. 47.3\u2009\u00b1\u2009140.2, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and higher work-related PA in women with CHD (18.9\u2009\u00b1\u2009159.7 vs. 57.1\u2009\u00b1\u2009397.5, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Among those\u2009&lt;\u200965\u00a0years of age, individuals with CHD spent more time sedentary than individuals without CHD. CHD individuals are not physically inactive compared with non-CHD individuals who are similar in sociodemographic status and lifestyle. CHD patients\u2019 PA levels may have been underestimated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-52764-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T02:22:22Z","timestamp":1706754142000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparing domain- and intensity-specific physical activity in coronary heart disease and non-CHD individuals"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Seon Young","family":"Goo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi Kyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Hoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong - Hyuk","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan Joo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong-Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin Y.","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"25","key":"52764_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010","volume":"76","author":"GA Roth","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roth, G. A. et al. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990\u20132019: Update from the GBD 2019 study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 76(25), 2982\u20133021 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"52764_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.4070\/kcj.2021.0097","volume":"51","author":"HH Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee, H. H. et al. Korea heart disease fact sheet 2020: Analysis of nationwide data. Korean Circ. J. 51(6), 495\u2013503 (2021).","journal-title":"Korean Circ. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"52764_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-021-00611-7","volume":"19","author":"RS Taylor","year":"2022","unstructured":"Taylor, R. S., Dalal, H. M. & McDonagh, S. T. J. The role of cardiac rehabilitation in improving cardiovascular outcomes. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 19(3), 180\u2013194 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"52764_CR4","first-page":"CD001800","volume":"11","author":"G Dibben","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dibben, G. et al. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 11, CD001800 (2021).","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"issue":"30","key":"52764_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2020.35.e262","volume":"35","author":"SH Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim, S. H., Ro, J. S., Kim, Y., Leigh, J. H. & Kim, W. S. Underutilization of hospital-based cardiac rehabilitation after acute myocardial infarction in Korea. J. Korean Med. Sci. 35(30), e262 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"issue":"16","key":"52764_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012779","volume":"8","author":"HM Imran","year":"2019","unstructured":"Imran, H. M. et al. Home-based cardiac rehabilitation alone and hybrid with center-based cardiac rehabilitation in heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Heart Assoc. 8(16), e012779 (2019).","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"3","key":"52764_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097965","volume":"52","author":"A Holtermann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Holtermann, A., Krause, N., van der Beek, A. J. & Straker, L. The physical activity paradox: Six reasons why occupational physical activity (OPA) does not confer the cardiovascular health benefits that leisure time physical activity does. Br. J. Sports Med. 52(3), 149\u2013150 (2018).","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"52764_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2016-0088","volume":"13","author":"D De Smedt","year":"2016","unstructured":"De Smedt, D. et al. Physical activity status in patients with coronary heart disease: Results from the cross-sectional EUROASPIRE surveys. J. Phys. Act. Health. 13(12), 1378\u20131384 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Act. Health."},{"issue":"9","key":"52764_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.3390\/bios11090318","volume":"11","author":"T Kambic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kambic, T., Sarabon, N., Hadzic, V. & Lainscak, M. Objectively measured physical activity in patients with coronary artery disease: A cross-validation study. Biosensors Basel. 11(9), 318 (2021).","journal-title":"Biosensors Basel."},{"issue":"4","key":"52764_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyh042","volume":"33","author":"T Rastogi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rastogi, T. et al. Physical activity and risk of coronary heart disease in India. Int. J. Epidemiol. 33(4), 759\u2013767 (2004).","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"52764_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyt228","volume":"43","author":"S Kweon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kweon, S. et al. Data resource profile: The Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES). Int. J. Epidemiol. 43(1), 69\u201377 (2014).","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"52764_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s10389-006-0024-x","volume":"14","author":"FB Timothy Armstrong","year":"2006","unstructured":"Timothy Armstrong, F. B. Development of the world health organization global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ). J. Public Health. 14, 66\u201370 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Public Health."},{"issue":"3","key":"52764_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1177\/1757975919854301","volume":"27","author":"J Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee, J. et al. Development of the Korean global physical activity questionnaire: reliability and validity study. Glob. Health Promot. 27(3), 44\u201355 (2020).","journal-title":"Glob. Health Promot."},{"key":"52764_CR14","unstructured":"LS, P., editor Reducing bias in a propensity score matched-pair sample using greedy matching techniques. In Proceedings of the twenty-sixth annual SAS Users group international conference; 2001: SAS Institute Inc."},{"issue":"5","key":"52764_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.10.015","volume":"101","author":"G Zhao","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhao, G., Ford, E. S., Li, C. & Mokdad, A. H. Are United States adults with coronary heart disease meeting physical activity recommendations?. Am. J. Cardiol. 101(5), 557\u2013561 (2008).","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"52764_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487315569401","volume":"23","author":"K Kotseva","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kotseva, K. et al. EUROASPIRE IV: A European society of cardiology survey on the lifestyle, risk factor and therapeutic management of coronary patients from 24 European countries. Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol. 23(6), 636\u2013648 (2016).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"52764_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz148","volume":"48","author":"J Barker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Barker, J. et al. Physical activity of UK adults with chronic disease: Cross-sectional analysis of accelerometer-measured physical activity in 96 706 UK Biobank participants. Int. J. Epidemiol. 48(4), 1167\u20131174 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"52764_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5763\/kjsm.2020.38.1.1","volume":"38","author":"K Min","year":"2020","unstructured":"Min, K. et al. Physical activity patterns and their associated factors measured by global physical activity questionnaire survey among Korean. Korean J. Sports Med. 38(1), 1\u201311 (2020).","journal-title":"Korean J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"52764_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2013.822565","volume":"14","author":"Z Hamrik","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hamrik, Z., Sigmundova, D., Kalman, M., Pavelka, J. & Sigmund, E. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in Czech adults: Results from the GPAQ study. Eur. J. Sport Sci. 14(2), 193\u2013198 (2014).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Sport Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"52764_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13082","volume":"28","author":"M Sahebkar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sahebkar, M. et al. Prevalence and correlates of low physical activity in the Iranian population: National survey on non-communicable diseases in 2011. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports. 28(8), 1916\u20131924 (2018).","journal-title":"Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports."},{"issue":"42","key":"52764_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3286","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht258","volume":"34","author":"R Stewart","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stewart, R. et al. Physical activity in patients with stable coronary heart disease: An international perspective. Eur. Heart J. 34(42), 3286\u20133293 (2013).","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"17","key":"52764_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487318795194","volume":"25","author":"W Cheng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cheng, W. et al. Associations of leisure-time physical activity with cardiovascular mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 44 prospective cohort studies. Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol. 25(17), 1864\u20131872 (2018).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"52764_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13066","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92560-x","volume":"11","author":"EB Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee, E. B. et al. Association between domain-specific physical activity and diabetes in Korean adults. Sci. Rep. 11(1), 13066 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"20","key":"52764_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098540","volume":"52","author":"P Coenen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Coenen, P. et al. Do highly physically active workers die early? A systematic review with meta-analysis of data from 193 696 participants. Br. J. Sports Med. 52(20), 1320\u20131326 (2018).","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"52764_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3700","volume":"44","author":"L Torquati","year":"2018","unstructured":"Torquati, L., Mielke, G. I., Brown, W. J. & Kolbe-Alexander, T. Shift work and the risk of cardiovascular disease. A systematic review and meta-analysis including dose-response relationship. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health. 44(3), 229\u201338 (2018).","journal-title":"Scand. J. Work Environ. Health."},{"issue":"21","key":"52764_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.013146","volume":"8","author":"NA Howell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Howell, N. A., Tu, J. V., Moineddin, R., Chu, A. & Booth, G. L. Association between neighborhood walkability and predicted 10-Year cardiovascular disease risk: The CANHEART (cardiovascular health in ambulatory care research team) cohort. J. Am. Heart. Assoc. 8(21), e013146 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart. Assoc."},{"key":"52764_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.11.014","volume":"326","author":"EA Bakker","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bakker, E. A. et al. Sedentary behaviour in cardiovascular disease patients: Risk group identification and the impact of cardiac rehabilitation. Int. J. Cardiol. 326, 194\u2013201 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"52764_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487318804611","volume":"26","author":"Z Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu, Z. et al. Sedentary time, metabolic abnormalities, and all-cause mortality after myocardial infarction: A mediation analysis. Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol. 26(1), 96\u2013104 (2019).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"52764_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-017-0594-8","volume":"14","author":"CM Phillips","year":"2017","unstructured":"Phillips, C. M., Dillon, C. B. & Perry, I. J. Does replacing sedentary behaviour with light or moderate to vigorous physical activity modulate inflammatory status in adults?. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 14(1), 138 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act."},{"issue":"11","key":"52764_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2677-z","volume":"55","author":"EG Wilmot","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wilmot, E. G. et al. Sedentary time in adults and the association with diabetes, cardiovascular disease and death: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia. 55(11), 2895\u20132905 (2012).","journal-title":"Diabetologia."},{"issue":"10","key":"52764_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139984","volume":"10","author":"SF Chastin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chastin, S. F., Palarea-Albaladejo, J., Dontje, M. L. & Skelton, D. A. Combined effects of time spent in physical activity, sedentary behaviors and sleep on obesity and cardio-metabolic health markers: A novel compositional data analysis approach. PLoS One. 10(10), e0139984 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS One."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-52764-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-52764-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-52764-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T02:24:08Z","timestamp":1706754248000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-52764-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["52764"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-52764-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 May 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 January 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 February 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"2622"}}