{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T21:00:59Z","timestamp":1793826059992,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707350400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Recently, dolutegravir (DTG)-based combined therapy, a more effective and safer first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART), has been recommended by the World Health Organization for the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) since July 2018. However, its effectiveness in CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T-cells count recovery and viral load suppression has not been studied yet in Ethiopia, where HIV is endemic. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a pilot assessment on the effect of DTG-based therapy on CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T-cell count and viral load count among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Ethiopia. A longitudinal prospective cohort study was conducted from July 2020 to February 2021. 109 PLWH who are ART naive but plan to initiate DTG-based therapy were recruited. HIV viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) copies were determined using polymerase chain reaction. To compute the difference in viral load and CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T-cell counts between the baseline, 3rd, and 6th months, a Friedman test was used. The study included 109 PLWH who had never received antiretroviral medication. Participants taking DTG-based treatment showed significantly decreasing median (IQR) values of viral load count (copies\/mL) from 446,812 (237649.5\u2013732994.5) at baseline to 34 (23.5\u201346) at 3\u00a0months and 0.0 (0\u201319) at 6\u00a0months of treatment follow-up. Although the treatment increases the proportion of participants with HIV-1 RNA 50 copies\/mL from 0 (0% at baseline) to 87 (79.8%) and 100 (91.7%) at the 3rd and 6th months of treatment, respectively, On the other hand, the CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T-cell count increased significantly during treatment: median (IQR): 209 (81.5\u2013417.5) versus 291 (132\u2013522) versus 378 (181\u2013632.5)\u00a0cells\/L at baseline, the 3rd and 6th months of the treatment follow-up period, respectively. We found dolutegravir-based therapy was a promising option with high virological suppression rates and CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T-cell count recovery, demonstrating a restoration of cellular immunity. Moreover, Viral load suppression rates were high after the initiation of the treatment. We recommend further research should be conducted with a larger number of participants to acquire greater awareness of the treatment outcomes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-53282-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T13:02:26Z","timestamp":1707397346000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Dolutegravir based therapy showed CD4+ T cell count recovery and viral load suppression among ART na\u00efve people living with HIV AIDS: a pilot evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Teshager","family":"Gebremedhin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melak","family":"Aynalem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Adem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Demeke","family":"Geremew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yetemwork","family":"Aleka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amare","family":"Kiflie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"32","key":"53282_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000016721","volume":"98","author":"TT Brehm","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brehm, T. T. et al. Safety and efficacy of elvitegravir, dolutegravir, and raltegravir in a real-world cohort of treatment-na\u00efve and -experienced patients. Medicine 98(32), 1\u20137 (2019).","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"53282_CR2","unstructured":"WHO. Clinical Guidelines: Antiretroviral Therapy. Consol Guidel Use Antiretrovir Drugs Treat Prev HIV Infect Recomm a Public Heal Approach (Second Edition):129; http:\/\/www.who.int\/hiv\/pub\/arv\/chapter4.pdf?ua=1 (2016)."},{"issue":"4","key":"53282_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac068","volume":"9","author":"JM Llibre","year":"2022","unstructured":"Llibre, J. M. et al. Changes in inflammatory and atherogenesis biomarkers with the 2-drug regimen dolutegravir plus lamivudine in antiretroviral therapy-experienced, virologically suppressed people with HIV-1: A systematic literature review. Open Forum Infect. Dis. 9(4), 2\u201310 (2022).","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"12","key":"53282_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001845","volume":"32","author":"M Vitoria","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vitoria, M. et al. The transition to dolutegravir and other new antiretrovirals in low-income and middle-income countries: What are the issues?. Aids 32(12), 1551\u20131561 (2018).","journal-title":"Aids"},{"issue":"6","key":"53282_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02490-21","volume":"12","author":"FH Omondi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Omondi, F. H. et al. HIV proviral burden, genetic diversity, and dynamics in viremic controllers who subsequently initiated suppressive antiretroviral therapy. mBio 12(6), 1\u201324 (2021).","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"1","key":"53282_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.19.1.20504","volume":"19","author":"M Vitoria","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vitoria, M. et al. Choice of antiretroviral drugs for continued treatment scale-up in a public health approach: What more do we need to know?. J. Int. AIDS Soc. 19(1), 1\u20139 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Int. AIDS Soc."},{"issue":"8","key":"53282_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy1095","volume":"69","author":"S Mor\u00f3n-L\u00f3pez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mor\u00f3n-L\u00f3pez, S. et al. Switching from a protease inhibitor-based regimen to a dolutegravir-based regimen: A randomized clinical trial to determine the effect on peripheral blood and ileum biopsies from antiretroviral therapy-suppressed human immunodeficiency virus-infected Indi. Clin. Infect. Dis. 69(8), 1320\u20131328 (2019).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"8","key":"53282_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz190","volume":"74","author":"J Gillman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gillman, J. et al. Comparable viral decay with initial dolutegravir plus lamivudine versus dolutegravir-based triple therapy. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 74(8), 2365\u20132369 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"issue":"6","key":"53282_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP3236","volume":"23","author":"MD Weber","year":"2020","unstructured":"Weber, M. D. et al. Virological and immunological responses to Raltegravir and Dolutegravir in the Gut-associated lymphoid tissue of HIV-infected men and women. Antivir. Ther. 23(6), 495\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3851\/IMP3236 (2020)","journal-title":"Antivir. Ther."},{"issue":"12","key":"53282_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3525","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa355","volume":"75","author":"E Ndashimye","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ndashimye, E. et al. Accumulation of integrase strand transfer inhibitor resistance mutations confers high-level resistance to dolutegravir in non-B subtype HIV-1 strains from patients failing raltegravir in Uganda. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 75(12), 3525\u20133533 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"issue":"4","key":"53282_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.4MR1019-189R","volume":"107","author":"X Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang, X. et al. Incomplete immune reconstitution in HIV\/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy: Challenges of immunological non-responders. J. Leukoc. Biol. 107(4), 597\u2013612 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"53282_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102779","volume":"55","author":"R De Miguel","year":"2020","unstructured":"De Miguel, R. et al. Dolutegravir plus lamivudine for maintenance of HIV viral suppression in adults with and without historical resistance to lamivudine: 48-week results of a non-randomized, pilot clinical trial (ART-PRO). EBioMedicine 55, 102779 (2020).","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"16","key":"53282_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000247588.69438.fd","volume":"20","author":"M Marziali","year":"2006","unstructured":"Marziali, M. et al. T-cell homeostasis alteration in HIV-1 infected subjects with low CD4 T-cell count despite undetectable virus load during HAART. Aids 20(16), 2033\u20132041 (2006).","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"53282_CR14","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Guidance for Industry Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infection: Developing Antiretroviral Drugs for Treatment Guidance for Industry Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infection: Developing Antiretroviral Drugs for Treatment","author":"FDA","year":"2013","unstructured":"FDA. 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