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A battery\u2013supercapacitor power system is adopted. Each source is connected in parallel to the DC-bus using DC\u2013DC bidirectional converters and supplies a synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) based drive. The proposed EMS fundamental forces lie in using a combination of complementary proprieties of two approaches, a Slap Swarm optimization Algorithm and Differential Flatness (DF). With a fast optimization mechanism, the Slap Swarm optimization algorithm allows adapting in real-time conditions the DF gains to optimize the system performances. On its side, DF uses predefined trajectories respecting the physical proprieties of the system, which is a powerful tool to guarantee the dynamic constraints of the sources when ensuring desired robust control proprieties. To check the feasibility and performance of the suggested EMS, comprehensive processor-in-the-loop co-simulations of the electric vehicle were carried out using the C2000 launchxl-f28379d DSP board. The main goal of the proposed EMS is to guarantee the DC-bus stabilization, reducing the DC-bus voltage ripples (\u0394v\u2009=\u20095\u00a0V) and the voltage overshoots 15\u00a0V (3.2%), respect the source dynamics, and satisfy the SynRM motor power demand. Furthermore, the algorithm minimizes induced harmonics by the drive (10.49%), reducing the battery current ripple by 17.15A, thereby enhancing the battery lifecycle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-53396-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]],"date-time":"2024-02-13T12:08:02Z","timestamp":1707826082000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Energy management of electric vehicle using a new strategy based on slap swarm optimization and differential flatness control"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Houssam Eddine","family":"Ghadbane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Said","family":"Barkat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Djerioui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azeddine","family":"Houari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihai","family":"Oproescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicu","family":"Bizon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"53396_CR1","volume":"230","author":"Z Yao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yao, Z., Wang, Y., Liu, B., Zhao, B. & Jiang, Y. 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