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A total of 94 patients who underwent surgery were included, and their demographic information, encompassing surgical methods, pre- and post-surgical haemorrhagic data, Then mobility of limbs and psychological assessments were collected. At 2\u00a0weeks post-surgery, the HAMD score for the right Basal Ganglia Haemorrhage (BGH) group was significantly higher than that of the right Basal Ganglia Breaking into ventricular haemorrhage (BGBVH), ventricular infarction and haemorrhage (VIH), or cerebellar haemorrhage (CLH) groups (all\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). At 3\u00a0months, there was a significant difference in HAMD score between the high-risk right BGH and the low-risk VIH groups (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.023). There was a correlation between functional independence measure (FMA), activities of daily living (ADL) and HAMD scores, as well as a linear relationship between Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)\/ADL scores and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, and a linear relationship between haemorrhage location, ADL score, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. The primary factor contributing to depression in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is the decrease in ADL and FMA scores after surgery. Additionally, ADL, GCS, surgical methods and bleeding sites can affect the cognitive function of patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-53437-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T14:17:44Z","timestamp":1763389064000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Factors associated with depression and cognitive impairment after cerebral hemorrhage surgery"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Bin","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hangtian","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingjie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"53437_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2013.04.028","volume":"21","author":"X-G Sun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sun, X.-G. et al. 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