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Here, we compare ion release and mineralisation in Tris\u2013HCl buffer solution for a series of glass\u2013ceramics and their parent glasses in the system SiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2013CaO\u2013P<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\u2013CaF<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. Time-resolved X-ray diffraction analysis of glass\u2013ceramic degradation, including quantification of crystal fractions by full pattern refinement, show that the glass\u2013ceramics precipitated apatite faster than the corresponding glasses, in agreement with faster ion release from the glass\u2013ceramics. Imaging by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray nano-computed tomography suggest that this accelerated degradation may be caused by the presence of nano-sized channels along the internal crystal\/glassy matrix interfaces. In addition, the presence of crystalline fluorapatite in the glass\u2013ceramics facilitated apatite nucleation and crystallisation during immersion. These results suggest that the popular view of bioactive glass crystallisation being a disadvantage for degradation, apatite formation and, subsequently, bioactivity may depend on the actual system study and, thus, has to be reconsidered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-54228-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,18]],"date-time":"2024-02-18T05:02:26Z","timestamp":1708232546000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Bioactive glass\u2013ceramics containing fluorapatite, xonotlite, cuspidine and wollastonite form apatite faster than their corresponding glasses"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Gloria","family":"Kirste","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Altair","family":"Contreras Jaimes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Araceli","family":"de Pablos-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana Martins","family":"de Souza e Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Massera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert G.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delia S.","family":"Brauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"54228_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-1294.2010.00001.x","volume":"1","author":"LL Hench","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hench, L. 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