{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T10:05:54Z","timestamp":1772877954303,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707868800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Contraception and abortion topics are variably, but often poorly, addressed in medical school curricula. Restrictions on contraceptive and abortion care at faith-based hospitals may hinder comprehensive family planning training for medical students during Ob\/Gyn clerkships. Here we investigated whether medical students at faith-based and non-faith-based clerkships experienced different observations during their Ob\/Gyn clerkship and\/or differences in self-perceived competency in patient counseling, objective knowledge, and perceived adequacy of training in contraception and abortion topics post-clerkship. A survey was distributed to third- and fourth-year medical students at New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine. Across all clerkship sites (n\u2009=\u2009102 students), observations of, and competency in, contraceptive care was higher than in abortion care. Students at non-faith-based clerkship sites (n\u2009=\u200954) reported the highest levels of observation of contraceptive and abortion care (19.6\u201390.7%), while those at Catholic sites (n\u2009=\u200926) typically reported the lowest (7.7\u201334.6%). Students at non-faith-based sites reported significantly higher competency in contraceptive care and some aspects of abortion care, than those at Catholic, and some other faith-based sites (n\u2009=\u200948). Clerkship training at faith-based sites, specifically Catholic sites, resulted in poorer Ob\/Gyn training, particularly in contraceptive care. Training outcomes in abortion care were poor at all Ob\/Gyn clerkship sites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-54304-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T03:03:01Z","timestamp":1707879781000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Family planning competency following medical school Ob\/Gyn clerkships at faith-based and secular sites"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Rachel N.","family":"Feltman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven R.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9273-3636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan E.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"54304_CR1","unstructured":"Hampton B. S., Cox S. M., Craig L. B. et al. APGO Medical Student Educational Objectives, 11th Edition https:\/\/apgo.org\/page\/msostudent (2019)."},{"key":"54304_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.09.013","volume":"192","author":"E Espey","year":"2005","unstructured":"Espey, E., Ogburn, T., Chavez, A., Qualls, C. & Leyba, M. Abortion education in medical schools: A national survey. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 192, 640\u2013643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.09.013 (2005).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"54304_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2007.11.011","volume":"77","author":"E Espey","year":"2008","unstructured":"Espey, E., Ogburn, T., Leeman, L., Nguyen, T. & Gill, G. Abortion education in the medical curriculum: A survey of student attitudes. Contraception 77, 205\u2013208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.contraception.2007.11.011 (2008).","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"54304_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4474","DOI":"10.3402\/meo.v13i.4474","volume":"13","author":"KG Smith","year":"2008","unstructured":"Smith, K. G., Gilliam, M. L., Leboeuf, M., Neustadt, A. & Stulberg, D. Perceived benefits and barriers to family planning education among third year medical students. Med. Educ. Online. 13, 4474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3402\/meo.v13i.4474 (2008).","journal-title":"Med. Educ. Online."},{"key":"54304_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-020-02414-9","volume":"21","author":"P Cohen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cohen, P. et al. What should medical students be taught about abortion? An evaluation of student attitudes towards their abortion teaching and their future involvement in abortion care. BMC Med. Educ. 21, 4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12909-020-02414-9 (2021).","journal-title":"BMC Med. Educ."},{"issue":"5","key":"54304_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2011.03.003","volume":"84","author":"M Guiahi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guiahi, M., Maguire, K., Ripp, Z. T., Goodman, R. W. & Kenton, K. Perceptions of family planning and abortion education at a faith-based medical school. Contraception 84(5), 520\u2013524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.contraception.2011.03.003 (2011).","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"54304_CR7","unstructured":"United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. in Ethical and religious directives for Catholic health care services, sixth edition. 2018. Available at: https:\/\/www.usccb.org\/resources\/ethical-religious-directives-catholic-health-service-sixth-edition-2016-06_1.pdf. Accessed 7 Sept 2023. (2018)."},{"key":"54304_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.04.023","volume":"207","author":"DB Stulberg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stulberg, D. B., Dude, A. M., Dahlquist, I. & Curlin, F. A. Obstetrician-gynecologists, religious institutions, and conflicts regarding patient-care policies. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 207, 73e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.04.023 (2012).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"54304_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1363\/psrh.12148","volume":"52","author":"LA Hasselbacher","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hasselbacher, L. A., Hebert, L. E. & Stulberg, D. B. \u201cMy hands are tied\u201d: Abortion restrictions and providers\u2019 experiences in religious and non-religious health care systems. Perspect. Sex Repro. H. 52, 107\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1363\/psrh.12148 (2018).","journal-title":"Perspect. Sex Repro. H."},{"key":"54304_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174550572311523","DOI":"10.1177\/17455057231152373","volume":"19","author":"B Merner","year":"2023","unstructured":"Merner, B., Haining, C. M., Wilmott, L., Savulescu, J. & Keogh, L. A. Institutional objection to abortion: A mixed-methods narrative review. Women\u2019s Health 19, 17455057231152372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17455057231152373 (2023).","journal-title":"Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"54304_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2021.09.002","volume":"106","author":"J Bringley","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bringley, J., Zu, V., Javlekar, A., Daoud Yilmaz, F. & Flink-Bochacki, R. Effects of rotating at a Catholic hospital on medical student contraceptive objective structured clinical exam scores. Contraception 106, 64\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.contraception.2021.09.002 (2022).","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"273","key":"54304_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.09.012","volume":"222","author":"M Guiahi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guiahi, M., Teal, S., Kenton, K., DeCesare, J. & Steinauer, J. Family planning training at Catholic and other religious hospitals: A national survey. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 222(273), e1\u2013e9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.09.012 (2020).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"54304_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.6.3.e34","volume":"6","author":"G Eysenbach","year":"2004","unstructured":"Eysenbach, G. Improving the quality of web surveys: The checklist for reporting results of internet e-surveys (CHERRIES). J. Med. Internet Res. 6, e34. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/jmir.6.3.e34 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"54304_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-16-00496.1","volume":"9","author":"M Guiahi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guiahi, M., Hoover, J., Swartz, M. & Teal, S. Impact of Catholic hospital affiliation during obstetrics and gynecology residency on the provision of family planning. J. Grad. Med. Educ. 9, 440\u2013446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4300\/JGME-D-16-00496.1 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Grad. Med. Educ."},{"key":"54304_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-12-00109.1","volume":"5","author":"M Guiahi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guiahi, M., Westhoff, C. L., Summers, S. & Kenton, K. Training at a faith-based institution matters for obstetrics and gynecology residents: Results from a regional survey. J. Grad. Med. Educ. 5, 244\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4300\/JGME-D-12-00109.1 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Grad. Med. Educ."},{"key":"54304_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-023-04395-x","volume":"23","author":"I Masini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Masini, I. et al. Medical student-led implementation of preclinical abortion didactic session at a California medical school. BMC. Med. Educ. 23, 440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12909-023-04395-x (2023).","journal-title":"BMC. Med. Educ."},{"key":"54304_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2010.07.012","volume":"83","author":"M Guiahi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guiahi, M. et al. Addressing ob\/gyn family planning educational objectives at a faith-based institution using the TEACH program. Contraception 83, 367\u2013372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.contraception.2010.07.012 (2011).","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"54304_CR18","unstructured":"Dobbs V. Jackson Women\u2019s Health Organization, No 19-1392, 597 US. https:\/\/www.supremecourt.gov\/opinions\/21pdf\/19-1392_6j37.pdf (2022)."},{"key":"54304_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2145104","DOI":"10.1080\/10872981.2022.2145104","volume":"28","author":"HJ Gyuras","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gyuras, H. J., Field, M. P., Thornton, O., Bessett, D. & McGowan, M. L. The double-edged sword of abortion regulations: Decreasing training opportunities while increasing knowledge requirements. Med. Educ. Online. 28, 2145104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10872981.2022.2145104 (2023).","journal-title":"Med. Educ. Online."},{"key":"54304_CR20","first-page":"41","volume":"42","author":"V Kumar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kumar, V., Herbitter, C., Karasz, A. & Gold, M. Being in the room: Reflections on pregnancy options counseling during abortion training. Fam. Med. 42, 41\u201346 (2010).","journal-title":"Fam. Med."},{"key":"54304_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1097\/00001888-200401000-00020","volume":"79","author":"E Espey","year":"2004","unstructured":"Espey, E., Ogburn, T. & Dorman, F. Student attitudes about a clinical experience in abortion care during the obstetrics and gynecology clerkship. Acad. Med. 79, 96\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00001888-200401000-00020 (2004).","journal-title":"Acad. Med."},{"key":"54304_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","volume":"42","author":"PA Harris","year":"2009","unstructured":"Harris, P. A. et al. Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2014a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J. Biomed. Inform. 42, 377\u2013381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Inform."},{"key":"54304_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208","volume":"95","author":"PA Harris","year":"2019","unstructured":"Harris, P. A. et al. The REDCap consortium: Building an international community of software platform partners. J. Biomed. Inform. 95, 103208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Inform."},{"key":"54304_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.2.22383\/v3","author":"H Gardner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gardner, H., Zimmerman, M., Flanigan, M. & Baldwin, M. A comparison of medical student competency, attitudes and knowledge of abortion care after a structured clinical curriculum. Res. Sq. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.2.22383\/v3 (2020).","journal-title":"Res. Sq."},{"key":"54304_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","volume":"57","author":"Y Benjamini","year":"1995","unstructured":"Benjamini, Y. & Hochberg, Y. Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B Methodol. 57, 289\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x (1995).","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B Methodol."},{"key":"54304_CR26","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. In R Foundation for statistical computing. https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/ (2022)."},{"key":"54304_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.200810425","volume":"50","author":"T Hothorn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hothorn, T., Bretz, F. & Westfall, P. Simultaneous inference in general parametric models. Biom. J. 50, 346\u2013363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bimj.200810425 (2008).","journal-title":"Biom. J."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-54304-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-54304-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-54304-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T03:04:00Z","timestamp":1707879840000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-54304-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["54304"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-54304-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 October 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 February 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 February 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"3667"}}