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We investigated whether odor identification impairment can be used to differentiate between stages of the A\/T\/N classification (amyloid, \u00a0tau, neurodegeneration) in individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment or AD and in healthy controls. We collected data from 132 Japanese participants visiting the Toranomon Hospital dementia outpatient clinic. The odor identification scores correlated significantly with major neuropsychological scores, regardless of apolipoprotein E4 status, and with effective cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers [amyloid \u03b2 42 (A\u03b242) and the A\u03b242\/40 and phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau)\/A\u03b242 ratios] but not with ineffective biomarkers [A\u03b240 and the p-Tau\/total Tau ratio]. A weak positive correlation was observed between the\u00a0corrected\u00a0odor identification score\u00a0(adjusted for age, sex,\u00a0ApoE4 and MMSE), CSF A\u03b242, and the A\u03b242\/40 ratio. The odor identification score demonstrated excellent discriminative power for the amyloidogenesis stage , according to the A\/T\/N classification, but was unsuitable for differentiating between the p-Tau accumulation and the neurodegeneration stages. After twelve odor species were analyzed, a version of the score comprising only four odors\u2014India ink, wood, curry, and sweaty socks\u2014proved highly effective in identifying AD amyloidogenesis, showing promise for the screening of preclinical AD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-54322-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]],"date-time":"2024-02-26T15:02:14Z","timestamp":1708959734000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Odor identification score as an alternative method for early identification of amyloidogenesis in Alzheimer\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yukifusa","family":"Igeta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isao","family":"Hemmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Yuyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuyoshi","family":"Ouchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"54322_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13016","volume":"19","author":"Alzheimer's disease facts and figures","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease facts and figures. 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