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Understanding the mosquitoes\u2019 thermal biology is essential to inform risk prediction models of such diseases. Mosquitoes can respond to temperatures by microhabitat selection through thermal preference. However, it has not yet been considered that mosquitoes are likely to adapt to changing temperatures, for example during climate change, and alter their preference over evolutionary time. We investigated this by rearing six cohorts of the yellow fever mosquito\n                    <jats:italic>Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    at two temperatures (24\u00a0\u00b0C, 30\u00a0\u00b0C) for 20 generations and used these cohorts to explicitly separate the effects of long-term evolution and within-generation acclimation on their thermal preferences in a thermal gradient of 20\u201335\u00a0\u00b0C. We found that warm-evolved mosquitoes spent 31.5% less time at high temperatures, which affects their efficiency as a vector. This study reveals the complex interplay of experimental evolution, rearing temperatures, and thermal preference in\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    mosquitoes. It highlights the significance of incorporating mosquito microhabitat selection in disease transmission models, especially in the context of climate change.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-54374-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]],"date-time":"2024-02-13T14:02:25Z","timestamp":1707832945000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Unexpected behavioural adaptation of yellow fever mosquitoes in response to high temperatures"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"David O. 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