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In this retrospective study, we analyzed the circadian trends of labor onset times in the Slovenian birth cohort from 1990 to 2018 with over 550,000 cases of singleton births. The number of term and preterm labor onsets was calculated for each hour in a day and circadian trends were evaluated for each of the study groups by modeling with a generalized Poisson distribution linked with the cosinor regression model using logarithmic link function. The induced labors were taken as the control group since the timing of labor depends mostly on the working schedule of personnel and not on the intrinsic rhythmic characteristics. For induced labors, the main peak in the number of labor cases was observed in the late\u00a0morning hours (around\u00a010\u00a0AM) for all gestational ages. The prominence of this peak becomes smaller in spontaneous premature labors with gradually disrupting rhythmicity in very preterm and extremely preterm cases. Labors starting with spontaneous\u00a0contractions peak between 6 and 7\u00a0AM and lose the rhythmicity at 35\u00a0weeks of gestation while labors starting with a spontaneous\u00a0rupture of membranes peak at 1\u00a0AM and lose the rhythmicity at 31\u00a0weeks of gestation, suggesting differences in underlying mechanisms. According to our knowledge, this is the first study that shows differences of circadian trends between different types of spontaneous labors, i.e., labors initiated with contraction and labors initiated with a spontaneous rupture of membranes. Moreover, the obtained results represent evidence of gradual disruption of rhythmicity from mild to extreme prematurity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-54490-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,18]],"date-time":"2024-02-18T22:02:27Z","timestamp":1708293747000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Circadian characteristics of term and preterm labors"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Miha","family":"Mo\u0161kon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ur\u0161a","family":"Kova\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucija","family":"Raspor Dall\u2019Olio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ksenija","family":"Ger\u0161ak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gorazd","family":"Kav\u0161ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Bojc \u0160mid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreja","family":"Trojner Bregar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damjana","family":"Rozman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"54490_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2014.10.002","volume":"24","author":"MA Luque-Fernandez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Luque-Fernandez, M. 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