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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of ms-CBCT for measuring the bone mineral density (BMD) of mandible and maxilla compared to the conventional CBCT. The values measured from a multi-detector CT (MDCT) were used as substitutes for the ground truth. An anthropomorphic adult skull and tissue equivalent head phantom and a homemade calibration phantom containing inserts with varying densities of calcium hydroxyapatite were imaged using the ms-CBCT, the ms-CBCT operating in the conventional single source CBCT mode, and two clinical CBCT scanners at similar imaging doses; and a clinical MDCT. The images of the anthropomorphic head phantom were reconstructed and registered, and the cortical and cancellous bones of the mandible and the maxilla were segmented. The measured CT Hounsfield Unit (HU) and Greyscale Value (GV) at multiple region-of-interests were converted to the BMD using scanner-specific calibration functions. The results from the various CBCT scanners were compared to that from the MDCT. Statistical analysis showed a significant improvement in the agreement between the ms-CBCT and MDCT compared to that between the CBCT and MDCT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-54529-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T11:03:48Z","timestamp":1708081428000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Improving the accuracy of bone mineral density using a multisource CBCT"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yuanming","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina R.","family":"Inscoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald A.","family":"Tyndall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueh Z.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianping","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Otto","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"54529_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2009.01880.x","volume":"21","author":"J Merheb","year":"2010","unstructured":"Merheb, J. et al. 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J.L. has equity ownership in XinVisio, LLC. and NuRay Co. Ltd. O.Z., J.L., C.R.I., Y.Z.L., and B.L. are co-inventors of licensed technology evaluated in this study. All activities have been approved by the institutional COI committee. All other authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"3887"}}