{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T20:35:23Z","timestamp":1793392523969,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,18]],"date-time":"2024-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708214400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,18]],"date-time":"2024-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003748","name":"Svenska S\u00e4llskapet f\u00f6r Medicinsk Forskning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PD20-0031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD20-0031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003748","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Medical Training and Research Agreement"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003252","name":"Lund University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003252","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    FilmArray\u00ae Meningitis\/Encephalitis panel (FAME-p) is used to diagnose central nervous system (CNS) infections. In this study, we investigated performance of FAME-p compared to comparator assays (CA), and for the first time, clinical diagnosis at discharge (CDD). 1000 consecutive patients with a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample analyzed with FAME-p were identified. As CA, culture, polymerase chain reaction and cryptococcal antigen test were used. Medical records of patients were obtained. A CDD of CNS infection was made in 139 of 1000 CSF samples. FAME-p was positive in 66 samples with 44 viral and 22 bacterial agents. Thirteen FAME-p findings were not confirmed by CA, with four discrepant results remaining after comparison with the CDD. Positive percentage agreement (PPA) calculated against CA was 100%. Negative percentage agreement (NPA) calculated against CA was 94.4\u201399.8% for\n                    <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus agalactiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). NPA calculated against CDD was higher (compared to CA) for\n                    <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>S. agalactiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and VZV (100%), and lower for\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    , enterovirus and herpes simplex virus 2 (50\u201383.3%). NPA of FAME-p for human herpes virus 6 was difficult to interpret. Eighty-four cases received diagnosis of CNS-infection despite negative FAME-p. The four most common non-infectious etiologies were primary headache disorders, cranial nerve palsies, neuroinflammatory disorders and seizure. Although FAME-p shows good performance in diagnosis of CNS infections, result of FAME-p should be interpreted carefully. Considering infectious diseases not covered by FAME-p as well as non-infectious differential diagnoses is important in this context.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-54621-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,18]],"date-time":"2024-02-18T08:01:55Z","timestamp":1708243315000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A retrospective observational study of 1000 consecutive patients tested with the FilmArray\u00ae Meningitis\/Encephalitis panel: clinical diagnosis at discharge and microbiological findings"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Torgny","family":"Sunnerhagen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Wid\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahar","family":"Handhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcl\u015fen","family":"\u00d6zkaya \u015eahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10063","key":"54621_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3036","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30654-7","volume":"388","author":"F McGill","year":"2016","unstructured":"McGill, F. et al. Acute bacterial meningitis in adults. Lancet 388(10063), 3036\u20133047 (2016).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"54621_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.18-2-155","volume":"18","author":"M Ellul","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ellul, M. & Solomon, T. Acute encephalitis\u2014Diagnosis and management. Clin. Med. (Lond.) 18(2), 155\u2013159 (2018).","journal-title":"Clin. Med. (Lond.)"},{"issue":"6","key":"54621_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2019.10.008","volume":"23","author":"RB Domingues","year":"2019","unstructured":"Domingues, R. B. et al. FilmArray Meningitis\/Encephalitis (ME) panel in the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. Braz. J. Infect. Dis. 23(6), 468\u2013470 (2019).","journal-title":"Braz. J. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"9","key":"54621_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00730-16","volume":"54","author":"AL Leber","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leber, A. L. et al. Multicenter evaluation of BioFire FilmArray Meningitis\/Encephalitis panel for detection of bacteria, viruses, and yeast in cerebrospinal fluid specimens. J. Clin. Microbiol. 54(9), 2251\u20132261 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"54621_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.05.017","volume":"28","author":"J Lindstrom","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lindstrom, J. et al. Assessment of the FilmArray ME panel in 4199 consecutively tested cerebrospinal fluid samples. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 28(1), 79\u201384 (2022).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"issue":"10","key":"54621_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2019-0064","volume":"9","author":"AM Nabower","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nabower, A. M. et al. Association of the FilmArray Meningitis\/Encephalitis panel with clinical management. Hosp. Pediatr. 9(10), 763\u2013769 (2019).","journal-title":"Hosp. Pediatr."},{"key":"54621_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2019.01.003","volume":"157","author":"D Nestor","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nestor, D. et al. Evaluation of the FilmArray Meningitis\/Encephalitis panel with focus on bacteria and Cryptococcus spp.. J. Microbiol. Methods 157, 113\u2013116 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"54621_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.11.016","volume":"26","author":"GS Tansarli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tansarli, G. S. & Chapin, K. C. Diagnostic test accuracy of the BioFire\u00ae FilmArray\u00ae Meningitis\/Encephalitis panel: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 26(3), 281\u2013290 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"issue":"1","key":"54621_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-018-3584-y","volume":"40","author":"B Tarai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tarai, B. & Das, P. FilmArray\u00ae Meningitis\/Encephalitis (ME) panel, a rapid molecular platform for diagnosis of CNS infections in a tertiary care hospital in North India: One-and-half-year review. Neurol. Sci. 40(1), 81\u201388 (2019).","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"54621_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy288","volume":"67","author":"DA Green","year":"2018","unstructured":"Green, D. A. et al. Clinical significance of human herpesvirus 6 positivity on the FilmArray Meningitis\/Encephalitis panel. Clin. Infect. Dis. 67(7), 1125\u20131128 (2018).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"54621_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz058","volume":"69","author":"AK Slenker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Slenker, A. K., Royer, T. L. & Villalobos, T. Human herpesvirus 6 positivity on the FilmArray Meningitis\/Encephalitis panel needs clinical interpretation. Clin. Infect. Dis. 69(1), 192\u2013194 (2019).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"54621_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0317922","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03179-22","volume":"11","author":"MT Ngo Nsoga","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ngo Nsoga, M. T. et al. Rational use of microbiological tests in the diagnosis of central nervous system infections using restrictive criteria: A retrospective study. Microbiol. Spectr. 11, e0317922 (2023).","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"issue":"9","key":"54621_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3435","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00373-10","volume":"48","author":"F Kahn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kahn, F. et al. Axillary abscess complicated by venous thrombosis: Identification of Streptococcus pyogenes by 16S PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol. 48(9), 3435\u20133437 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"54621_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0113623","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01136-23","volume":"11","author":"G Johansson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Johansson, G. et al. Clinical significance of a 16S-rDNA analysis of heart valves in patients with infective endocarditis: A retrospective study. Microbiol. Spectr. 11(3), e0113623 (2023).","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"issue":"8","key":"54621_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2516","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00141-07","volume":"45","author":"E Franzen-Rohl","year":"2007","unstructured":"Franzen-Rohl, E. et al. Increased detection rate in diagnosis of herpes simplex virus type 2 meningitis by real-time PCR using cerebrospinal fluid samples. J. Clin. Microbiol. 45(8), 2516\u20132520 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"54621_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1086\/589747","volume":"47","author":"AR Tunkel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tunkel, A. R. et al. The management of encephalitis: Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin. Infect. Dis. 47(3), 303\u2013327 (2008).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"54621_CR17","first-page":"85","volume":"55","author":"Y Kojima","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kojima, Y. et al. Recurrent herpes simplex virus type 2 meningitis: A case report of Mollaret\u2019s meningitis. Jpn. J. Infect. Dis. 55(3), 85\u201388 (2002).","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Infect. Dis."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-54621-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-54621-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-54621-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,18]],"date-time":"2024-02-18T08:02:04Z","timestamp":1708243324000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-54621-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,18]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["54621"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-54621-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 October 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 February 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 February 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"4015"}}