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This retrospective, consecutive case series of AHT and non-AHT conditions involved 54 children with AHT, 43 children with head bruises, and 49 children with blunt eye trauma, each\u00a0of non-AHT supported by reliable witness accounts. RHs and other damage were evaluated using ophthalmoscopy and wide-field fundus photography. A variety of RH types and other damage were identified in the AHT group but not in the non-AHT group. RHs in AHT extended from the posterior pole to the far periphery in 77% of eyes and on\/near the veins in 86% and arteries in 85%, most of which were in the far periphery. Retinoschisis, white-dot lesions, and retinal folds were seen even in the far periphery. RHs on\/near the veins and arteries, retinoschisis, and retinal folds suggest a traumatic mechanism of the tractional force of the vitreous that is attached to the entire retinal surface. Identifying the distribution and arterio and venous origins of RHs is a key factor in determining the association with trauma. Thus, wide-field fundus photography is useful to record and evaluate the origin of the RHs and other retinal damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-54664-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T06:02:21Z","timestamp":1709532141000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Retinal hemorrhages and damages from tractional forces associated with infantile abusive head trauma evaluated by wide-field fundus photography"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Noriyuki","family":"Azuma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyo","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Yokoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachiko","family":"Nishina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoko","family":"Uematsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikiko","family":"Miyasaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"54664_CR1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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