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In this cross-sectional study, 1244 healthcare workers (HCWs) completed a self-administered questionnaire and venous blood samples were drawn at two academic hospitals in the Eastern Cape. History of hypertension and diabetes mellitus were self-reported. Participants were categorised as obese if their body mass index (BMI)\u2009\u2265\u200930\u00a0kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Participants were classified as having metabolic syndrome if they had hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity. Vitamin D [25(OH)D] deficiency was defined as venous blood concentrations\u2009&lt;\u200950\u00a0nmol\/L. Associations between vitamin D deficiency and participants\u2019 characteristics were assessed using multivariate logistic regression model analysis. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 28.5% (n\u2009=\u2009355), of whom 292 were female. Among the participants who were deficient in vitamin D, the prevalence of obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and metabolic syndrome was 64.9% (n\u2009=\u2009230), 9% (n\u2009=\u200932), 16.6% (n\u2009=\u200959), 2.3% (n\u2009=\u20098) and 18% (n\u2009=\u200964), respectively. In the adjusted multivariate logistic regression model, black Africans (AOR\u2009=\u20092.87; 95% CI 1.52\u20135.43) and individuals\u2009\u2265\u200942\u00a0years (AOR\u2009=\u20091.37; 95% CI 1.07\u20131.77) were more likely to exhibit vitamin D deficiency. However, there was no significant association by age, sex, and cardiometabolic markers. More than one in four healthcare workers was deficient in vitamin D among the study sample, especially the black Africans and older individuals. Further studies are needed at the population level to elucidate on the vitamin D status in the region.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-54977-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T08:02:54Z","timestamp":1709020974000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors among healthcare workers in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa; cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Oladele Vincent","family":"Adeniyi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charity","family":"Masilela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaya A.","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"54977_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-9-48","volume":"9","author":"E Kassi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kassi, E., Pervanidou, P., Kaltsas, G. & Chrousos, G. 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