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We used the data from 2005 to 2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to examine this relationship. The study analyzed a total of 6776 participants, divided into Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 according to the social support score (0\u20131; 2\u20133; 4\u20135). Multivariable adjusted COX regression analyses of our study showed that Group 3 and Group 2 had a reduced risk of all-cause and cardio-cerebrovascular mortality (Group 3 vs 1, HR: 0.55,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001; HR: 0.4,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001; Group 2 vs 1, HR: 0.77,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.017; HR: 0.58,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.014) compared with Group 1. The same results were observed after excluding those who died in a relatively short time. Additionally, having more close friends, being married or living as married, and enough attending religious services were significantly related to a lower risk of mortality after adjustment. In brief, adequate social support is beneficial in reducing the risk of all-cause mortality and cardio-cerebrovascular mortality in middle-aged and older adults, especially in terms of attending religious services frequency, the number of close friends, and marital status.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-55012-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T09:02:15Z","timestamp":1709024535000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The protective effect of social support on all-cause and cardio-cerebrovascular mortality among middle-aged and older adults in the US"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao-Feng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Ya","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Xue","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Yu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuan-Yu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"55012_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146510395592","volume":"52","author":"PA Thoits","year":"2011","unstructured":"Thoits, P. 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