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EV mRNA markers evaluated in this study were <jats:italic>KRT17<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>GPRC5A<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>SLC2A1<\/jats:italic> in addition to two additional markers from literatures, <jats:italic>MDK<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CXCR2<\/jats:italic>, and measured by quantitative RT-PCR with normalization by a reference gene (<jats:italic>ALDOB<\/jats:italic>). Diagnostic performances of EV mRNA markers were compared to conventional markers. Regarding the first objective, we confirmed that EV mRNA biomarkers in urine were higher in UBC patients, particularly those with higher stage\/grade tumors, than in those without UBC (n\u2009=\u2009278 in total) and the diagnostic performance of EV mRNA <jats:italic>MDK<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>KRT17<\/jats:italic> outperformed conventional biomarkers with AUC 0.760 and 0.730, respectively. Concerning the second objective, we prospectively analyzed the time courses of EV mRNA markers while NMIBC patients (n\u2009=\u2009189) (median follow-up 19\u00a0months). The expression of EV mRNA <jats:italic>KRT17<\/jats:italic> was significantly high in patients with recurrence, while it gradually decreased over time in those without recurrence (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-55251-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T12:02:08Z","timestamp":1711022528000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of urinary extracellular vesicle mRNA markers in urothelial bladder cancer patients"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Taku","family":"Murakami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keita","family":"Minami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Harabayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoru","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norikata","family":"Takada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Kashiwagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruka","family":"Miyata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuyuki","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryuji","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashige","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoichi M.","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachiyo","family":"Murai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuo","family":"Shinohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Osawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"55251_CR1","unstructured":"Cancer Information Service in Japan. https:\/\/ganjoho.jp\/reg_stat\/statistics\/stat\/cancer\/21_bladder.html (2022)."},{"key":"55251_CR2","unstructured":"American Cancer Society, Key Statistics for Bladder Cancer. https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/types\/bladder-cancer\/about\/key-statistics.html (2022)."},{"key":"55251_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03262330","volume":"21","author":"MF Botteman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Botteman, M. 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TM is an employee of Showa Denko Materials America, formerly known as Hitachi Chemical Co. America. The present study was funded by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (KAKENHI, Grant Number 22K09439) and Showa Denko Materials America. Parts of this study were presented in American Urological Association annual meetings in 2019 and 2020. Parts of this study were presented in American Urological Association annual meetings in 2019 and 2020.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"6801"}}