{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T01:21:33Z","timestamp":1793496093742,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708992000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17ek0109270s0301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17ek0109270s0301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Project for Health Research on Infants, Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults from the Agency of Medical Research and Development, Japan","award":["im0210625h0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["im0210625h0001"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP21H03648"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21H03648"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Originally, apomorphine was a broad-spectrum dopamine agonist with an affinity for all subtypes of the Dopamine D1 receptor to the D5 receptor. We previously identified apomorphine as a potential therapeutic agent for mitochondrial diseases by screening a chemical library of fibroblasts from patients with mitochondrial diseases. In this study, we showed that apomorphine prevented ferroptosis in fibroblasts from various types of mitochondrial diseases as well as in normal controls. Well-known biomarkers of ferroptosis include protein markers such as prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), a key gene for ferroptosis-related inflammation PTGS2, lipid peroxidation, and reactive oxygen species. Our findings that apomorphine induced significant downregulation of PTSG2 and suppressed lipid peroxide to the same extent as other inhibitors of ferroptosis also indicate that apomorphine suppresses ferroptosis. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report that the anti-ferroptosis effect of apomorphine is not related to dopamine receptor agonist action and that apomorphine is a potent inhibitor of ferroptotic cell death independent of dopaminergic receptors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-55293-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T16:23:24Z","timestamp":1709051004000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Apomorphine is a potent inhibitor of ferroptosis independent of dopaminergic receptors"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Miyauchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chika","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoya","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eriko F.","family":"Jimbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mizuki","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natsumi","family":"Ohishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsuko","family":"Nagayoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiho","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihito","family":"Kishita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Ohtake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuhiko","family":"Ohno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masafumi","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takanori","family":"Yamagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Osaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"55293_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2014.03.009","volume":"56","author":"CS Chi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chi, C. S. Diagnostic approach in infants and children with mitochondrial diseases. Pediatr. Neonatol. 56, 7\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedneo.2014.03.009 (2015).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neonatol."},{"key":"55293_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11707","volume":"491","author":"SB Vafai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vafai, S. B. & Mootha, V. K. Mitochondrial disorders as windows into an ancient organelle. Nature 491, 374\u2013383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature11707 (2012).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"55293_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2007.10.031","volume":"44","author":"B Marengo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Marengo, B. et al. Mechanisms of BSO (L-buthionine-S, R-sulfoximine)-induced cytotoxic effects in neuroblastoma. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 44, 474\u2013482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2007.10.031 (2008).","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"55293_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8735","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2018.8447","volume":"15","author":"S Nishizawa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nishizawa, S. et al. Low tumor glutathione level as a sensitivity marker for glutamate-cysteine ligase inhibitors. Oncol. Lett. 15, 8735\u20138743. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ol.2018.8447 (2018).","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"55293_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1038\/s41417-020-0170-2","volume":"27","author":"C Dai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dai, C. et al. Transcription factors in ferroptotic cell death. Cancer Gene Ther. 27, 645\u2013656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41417-020-0170-2 (2020).","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Ther."},{"key":"55293_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2019.07.006","volume":"49","author":"A Miyauchi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Miyauchi, A. et al. Apomorphine rescues reactive oxygen species-induced apoptosis of fibroblasts with mitochondrial disease. Mitochondrion 49, 111\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mito.2019.07.006 (2019).","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"55293_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.103.057455","volume":"308","author":"GC Hsieh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hsieh, G. C. et al. Central mechanisms regulating penile erection in conscious rats: The dopaminergic systems related to the proerectile effect of apomorphine. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 308, 330\u2013338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/jpet.103.057455 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"55293_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.102.039867","volume":"303","author":"MJ Millan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Millan, M. J. et al. Differential actions of antiparkinson agents at multiple classes of monoaminergic receptor I A multivariate analysis of the binding profiles of 14 drugs at 21 native and cloned human receptor subtypes. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 303, 791\u2013804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/jpet.102.039867 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"55293_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2007.07.016","volume":"14","author":"M Stacy","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stacy, M. & Silver, D. Apomorphine for the acute treatment of \u201coff\u201d episodes in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 14, 85\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2007.07.016 (2008).","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"55293_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6069","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-16-06069.2001","volume":"21","author":"K Ishige","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ishige, K., Chen, Q., Sagara, Y. & Schubert, D. The activation of dopamine D4 receptors inhibits oxidative stress-induced nerve cell death. J. Neurosci. 21, 6069\u20136076. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-16-06069.2001 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"55293_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22319","volume":"69","author":"E Himeno","year":"2011","unstructured":"Himeno, E. et al. Apomorphine treatment in Alzheimer mice promoting amyloid-beta degradation. Ann. Neurol. 69, 248\u2013256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.22319 (2011).","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"55293_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214250","volume":"14","author":"AH Kahn-Kirby","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kahn-Kirby, A. H. et al. Targeting ferroptosis: A novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of mitochondrial disease-related epilepsy. PLoS ONE 14, e0214250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0214250 (2019).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"55293_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-00324-8","volume":"22","author":"X Jiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jiang, X., Stockwell, B. R. & Conrad, M. Ferroptosis: Mechanisms, biology and role in disease. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 22, 266\u2013282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41580-020-00324-8 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"55293_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.03.042","volume":"149","author":"SJ Dixon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dixon, S. J. et al. Ferroptosis: An iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death. Cell 149, 1060\u20131072. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2012.03.042 (2012).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"55293_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2023.03.005","volume":"83","author":"SJ Dixon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dixon, S. J. & Pratt, D. A. Ferroptosis: A flexible constellation of related biochemical mechanisms. Mol. Cell 83, 1030\u20131042. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molcel.2023.03.005 (2023).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"55293_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.09.021","volume":"171","author":"BR Stockwell","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stockwell, B. R. et al. Ferroptosis: A regulated cell death nexus linking metabolism, redox biology, and disease. Cell 171, 273\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2017.09.021 (2017).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"55293_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.12.010","volume":"156","author":"WS Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang, W. S. et al. Regulation of ferroptotic cancer cell death by GPX4. Cell 156, 317\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2013.12.010 (2014).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"55293_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H508","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00559.2019","volume":"318","author":"A Sampilvanjil","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sampilvanjil, A. et al. Cigarette smoke extract induces ferroptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 318, H508\u2013H518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00559.2019 (2020).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"55293_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.637162","volume":"9","author":"X Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen, X., Comish, P. B., Tang, D. & Kang, R. Characteristics and biomarkers of ferroptosis. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 9, 637162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2021.637162 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"55293_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.90777","volume":"2","author":"Q Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li, Q. et al. Inhibition of neuronal ferroptosis protects hemorrhagic brain. JCI Insight 2, e90777. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.90777 (2017).","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"55293_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2334-2","volume":"11","author":"N Yamada","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yamada, N. et al. Ferroptosis driven by radical oxidation of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids mediates acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Cell Death Dis. 11, 144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-020-2334-2 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"55293_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.15773","volume":"20","author":"N Yamada","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yamada, N. et al. Iron overload as a risk factor for hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in liver transplantation: Potential role of ferroptosis. Am. J. Transplant. 20, 1606\u20131618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ajt.15773 (2020).","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"55293_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.1895","volume":"71","author":"L Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang, L. et al. P53-dependent induction of ferroptosis is required for artemether to alleviate carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cell activation. IUBMB Life 71, 45\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/iub.1895 (2019).","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"55293_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2018.10.042","volume":"73","author":"M Gao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gao, M. et al. Role of Mitochondria in ferroptosis. Mol. Cell 73, 354\u2013363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molcel.2018.10.042 (2019).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"55293_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2013.065","volume":"21","author":"YA Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim, Y. A., Kim, M. Y. & Jung, Y. S. Glutathione depletion by L-buthionine-S, R-sulfoximine induces apoptosis of cardiomyocytes through activation of PKC-\u03b4. Biomol. Ther. (Seoul) 21, 358\u2013363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4062\/biomolther.2013.065 (2013).","journal-title":"Biomol. Ther. (Seoul)"},{"key":"55293_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.2079","volume":"12","author":"K Shimada","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shimada, K. et al. Global survey of cell death mechanisms reveals metabolic regulation of ferroptosis. Nat. Chem. Biol. 12, 497\u2013503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nchembio.2079 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"55293_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2015.10.014","volume":"26","author":"WS Yang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang, W. S. & Stockwell, B. R. Ferroptosis: Death by lipid peroxidation. Trends Cell Biol. 26, 165\u2013176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tcb.2015.10.014 (2016).","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"55293_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.121390","volume":"384","author":"S Wei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wei, S. et al. Arsenic induces pancreatic dysfunction and ferroptosis via mitochondrial ROS-autophagy-lysosomal pathway. J. Hazard Mater. 384, 121390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.121390 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"55293_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-0247-8_11","volume":"2108","author":"AM Martinez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Martinez, A. M., Kim, A. & Yang, W. S. Detection of Ferroptosis by BODIPY\u2122 581\/591 C11. Methods Mol. Biol. 2108, 125\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-0716-0247-8_11 (2020).","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"55293_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.11.080","volume":"372","author":"M Auffret","year":"2017","unstructured":"Auffret, M. et al. Apomorphine pump in advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease: Effects on motor and nonmotor symptoms with brain metabolism correlations. J. Neurol. Sci. 372, 279\u2013287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2016.11.080 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"55293_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2021.100129","volume":"6","author":"G Fern\u00e1ndez-Pajar\u00edn","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Pajar\u00edn, G., Sesar, \u00c1., Jim\u00e9nez Mart\u00edn, I., Ares, B. & Castro, A. Continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion in the early phase of advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease: A prospective study of 22 patients. Clin. Parkinson Relat. Disord. 6, 100129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prdoa.2021.100129 (2022).","journal-title":"Clin. Parkinson Relat. Disord."},{"key":"55293_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2781","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-020-0542-z","volume":"27","author":"PR Angelova","year":"2020","unstructured":"Angelova, P. R. et al. Alpha synuclein aggregation drives ferroptosis: An interplay of iron, calcium and lipid peroxidation. Cell Death Differ. 27, 2781\u20132796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41418-020-0542-z (2020).","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"55293_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3829","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11233829","volume":"11","author":"KJ Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin, K. J. et al. Iron brain menace: The involvement of ferroptosis in parkinson disease. Cells 11, 3829. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11233829 (2022).","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"55293_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3518","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81741-3","volume":"11","author":"MH Keuters","year":"2021","unstructured":"Keuters, M. H. et al. An arylthiazyne derivative is a potent inhibitor of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis providing neuroprotection in vitro and in vivo. Sci. Rep. 11, 3518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-81741-3 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"55293_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110108","volume":"127","author":"Y Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun, Y. et al. The emerging role of ferroptosis in inflammation. Biomed. Pharmacother. 127, 110108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110108 (2020).","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"55293_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450118666171117124340","volume":"19","author":"S Khanam","year":"2018","unstructured":"Khanam, S. & Siddique, Y. H. Dopamine: Agonists and neurodegenerative disorders. Curr. Drug Targets 19, 1599\u20131611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1389450118666171117124340 (2018).","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"key":"55293_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2017.08.005","volume":"40","author":"T Kouga","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kouga, T. et al. Japanese Leigh syndrome case treated with EPI-743. Brain Dev. 40, 145\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.braindev.2017.08.005 (2018).","journal-title":"Brain Dev."},{"key":"55293_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2018.02.007","volume":"40","author":"A Miyauchi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Miyauchi, A. et al. Leigh syndrome with spinal cord involvement due to a hemizygous NDUFA1 mutation. Brain Dev. 40, 498\u2013502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.braindev.2018.02.007 (2018).","journal-title":"Brain Dev."},{"key":"55293_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-015-0227-x","volume":"3","author":"H Hatakeyama","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hatakeyama, H., Katayama, A., Komaki, H., Nishino, I. & Goto, Y. Molecular pathomechanisms and cell-type-specific disease phenotypes of MELAS caused by mutant mitochondrial tRNA(Trp). Acta Neuropathol. Commun. 3, 52. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40478-015-0227-x (2015).","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"55293_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-5-20","volume":"5","author":"N Novoradovskaya","year":"2004","unstructured":"Novoradovskaya, N. et al. Universal reference RNA as a standard for microarray experiments. BMC Genom. 5, 20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2164-5-20 (2004).","journal-title":"BMC Genom."},{"key":"55293_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2011.07357.x","volume":"118","author":"MA Stouffer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stouffer, M. A. et al. SKF-83566, a D1-dopamine receptor antagonist, inhibits the dopamine transporter. J. Neurochem. 118, 714\u2013720. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2011.07357.x (2011).","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"55293_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.63.1.24","volume":"63","author":"F Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang, F. et al. Retinal dopamine D2 receptors participate in the development of myopia in mice. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 63, 24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.63.1.24 (2022).","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"55293_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1021\/jm970021c","volume":"40","author":"SA Glase","year":"1997","unstructured":"Glase, S. A. et al. Substituted [(4-phenylpiperazinyl)-methyl]benzamides: Selective dopamine D4 agonists. J. Med. Chem. 40, 1771\u20131772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jm970021c (1997).","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"55293_CR44","first-page":"636","volume":"283","author":"S Patel","year":"1997","unstructured":"Patel, S. et al. Biological profile of L-745,870, a selective antagonist with high affinity for the dopamine D4 receptor. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 283, 636\u2013647 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"55293_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-6147(94)90323-9","volume":"15","author":"P Seeman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Seeman, P. & Van Tol, H. H. Dopamine receptor pharmacology. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 15, 264\u2013270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0165-6147(94)90323-9 (1994).","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-55293-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-55293-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-55293-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T16:29:14Z","timestamp":1709051354000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-55293-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["55293"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-55293-1","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3361719\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 September 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 February 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 February 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"4820"}}