{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:46:12Z","timestamp":1790793972987,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), Project title \u201cNational Biodiversity Future Center -NBFC\u201d","award":["CUP J33C22001190001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP J33C22001190001"]}]},{"name":"Elanco Canada Limited","award":["10017067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10017067"]}]},{"name":"Mathematics of Information Technology and Complex Systems (MITACS) Accelerate, Canada","award":["10018836"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10018836"]}]},{"name":"Alberta Conservation Association, Canada","award":["030-00-90-269"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["030-00-90-269"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Human alveolar echinococcosis is increasingly documented in Alberta, Canada. Its causative agent,\n                    <jats:italic>Echinococcus multilocularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Em<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), can be transmitted to humans by infected dogs. We assessed the prevalence and associated risk factors for\n                    <jats:italic>Em<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections in domestic dogs in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. In this cross-sectional study that coupled collection and assessment of dog feces with a survey on potential risk factors, 13 of 696 (Bayesian true prevalence, 2.4%; 95% CrI: 1.3\u20134.0%) individual dogs\u2019 feces collected during August and September 2012 were qPCR positive for\n                    <jats:italic>Em<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Sequencing two of these cases indicated that both were from the same\n                    <jats:italic>Em<\/jats:italic>\n                    European strain responsible for human infections in Alberta. Likelihood of intestinal\n                    <jats:italic>Em<\/jats:italic>\n                    was 5.6-times higher in hounds than other breeds, 4.6-times higher in dogs leashed at dog parks than those allowed off-leash, 3.1-times higher in dogs often kept in the backyard during spring and summer months than those rarely in the yard, and 3.3-times higher in dogs living in neighbourhoods bordering Bowmont park than those in other areas of Calgary. This situation warrants surveillance of dog infections as a preventative measure to reduce infections in North America.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-55515-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T01:03:16Z","timestamp":1709254996000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Risk factors for Echinococcus multilocularis intestinal infections in owned domestic dogs in a North American metropolis (Calgary, Alberta)"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Emilie","family":"Toews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Musiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anya","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Checkley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darcy","family":"Visscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Massolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"55515_CR1","first-page":"100","volume-title":"WHO\/OIE Manual on Echinococcosis in Humans and Animals: A Public Health Problem of Global Concern, Ch. 4","author":"J Eckert","year":"2001","unstructured":"Eckert, J. et al. In WHO\/OIE Manual on Echinococcosis in Humans and Animals: A Public Health Problem of Global Concern, Ch. 4 (eds Gemmell Eckert, M. A. et al.) 100\u2013142 (World Organisation for Animal Health and World Health Organization, 2001)."},{"key":"55515_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2020.10.008","author":"E Toews","year":"2021","unstructured":"Toews, E., Musiani, M., Checkley, S., Visscher, D. & Massolo, A. A global assessment of Echinococcus multilocularis infections in domestic dogs: Proposing a framework to overcome past methodological heterogeneity. Int. J. Parasitol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpara.2020.10.008 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"55515_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2022.100704","volume":"29","author":"E Porter","year":"2022","unstructured":"Porter, E. et al. Assessing the potential for infections of Echinococcus multilocularis in dogs in a hotspot of human alveolar echinococcosis infections in North America. Vet. Parasitol. Reg. Stud. Rep. 29, 100704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vprsr.2022.100704 (2022).","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol. Reg. Stud. Rep."},{"key":"55515_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2016.11.002","volume-title":"Echinococcus and Echinococcosis, Part A Vol. 95. Advances in Parasitology, Ch 5","author":"T Romig","year":"2017","unstructured":"Romig, T. et al. In Echinococcus and Echinococcosis, Part A Vol. 95. Advances in Parasitology, Ch 5 (eds Thompson, R. C. A. et al.) 213\u2013314 (Academic Press, 2017)."},{"key":"55515_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56021\/9780801893896","volume-title":"Urban Carnivores: Ecology, Conflict, and Conservation","author":"SD Gehrt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gehrt, S. D., Riley, S. P. D. & Cypher, B. L. Urban Carnivores: Ecology, Conflict, and Conservation (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010)."},{"key":"55515_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2006.11.001","volume":"22","author":"CA Bradley","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bradley, C. A. & Altizer, S. Urbanization and the ecology of wildlife diseases. Trends Ecol. Evol. 22, 95\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tree.2006.11.001 (2007).","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"55515_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-3875-z","volume":"113","author":"G Umhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Umhang, G. et al. Echinococcus multilocularis infections in dogs from urban and peri-urban areas in France. Parasitol. Res. 113, 2219\u20132222 (2014).","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"55515_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2008.0097","volume":"9","author":"N Nonaka","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nonaka, N. et al. Echinococcus multilocularis infection in pet dogs in Japan. Vector Borne Zoon. Dis. 9, 201\u2013205 (2009).","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoon. Dis."},{"key":"55515_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2005.08.012","volume":"36","author":"CM Kapel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kapel, C. M., Torgerson, P. R., Thompson, R. C. & Deplazes, P. Reproductive potential of Echinococcus multilocularis in experimentally infected foxes, dogs, raccoon dogs and cats. Int. J. Parasitol. 36, 79\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpara.2005.08.012 (2006).","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"55515_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182005009625","volume":"132","author":"R Thompson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Thompson, R., Kapel, C. M., Hobbs, R. & Deplazes, P. Comparative development of Echinococcus multilocularis in its definitive hosts. Parasitology 132, 709\u2013716 (2006).","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"55515_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.08.024","volume":"127","author":"CM Budke","year":"2005","unstructured":"Budke, C. M., Campos-Ponce, M., Qian, W. & Torgerson, P. R. A canine purgation study and risk factor analysis for echinococcosis in a high endemic region of the Tibetan plateau. Vet. Parasitol. 127, 43\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.08.024 (2005).","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"55515_CR12","volume-title":"Multicriteria-Based Ranking for Risk Management of Food-borne Parasites","author":"FAO\/WHO [Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization]","year":"2014","unstructured":"FAO\/WHO [Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization]. Multicriteria-Based Ranking for Risk Management of Food-borne Parasites (World Health Organization, 2014)."},{"key":"55515_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.9.17-00161","volume":"23","author":"M Bouwknegt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bouwknegt, M. et al. Prioritisation of food-borne parasites in Europe, 2016. Euro Surveill. 23, 17-00161 (2018).","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"55515_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008382","volume":"14","author":"PR Torgerson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Torgerson, P. R. et al. Source attribution of human echinococcosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 14, e0008382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008382 (2020).","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"55515_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000722","volume":"4","author":"PR Torgerson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Torgerson, P. R., Keller, K., Magnotta, M. & Ragland, N. The global burden of alveolar echinococcosis. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 4, 722 (2010).","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"55515_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2014069","volume":"21","author":"A Massolo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Massolo, A., Liccioli, S., Budke, C. & Klein, C. Echinococcus multilocularis in North America: The great unknown. Parasite 21, 73. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/parasite\/2014069 (2014).","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"55515_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmc1814975","volume":"381","author":"A Massolo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Massolo, A. et al. European Echinococcus multilocularis identified in patients in Canada. N. Engl. J. Med. 381, 384\u2013385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmc1814975 (2019).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"55515_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-1577","volume":"104","author":"S Houston","year":"2021","unstructured":"Houston, S. et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of alveolar echinococcosis: An emerging infectious disease in Alberta, Canada. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 104, 1863\u20131869. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.20-1577 (2021).","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"55515_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2009.07.010","volume":"58","author":"M Nakao","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nakao, M. et al. Geographic pattern of genetic variation in the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis. Int. J. Parasitol. 58, 384\u2013389 (2009).","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"55515_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-018-0458-8","author":"C-N Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu, C.-N. et al. Estimating the prevalence of Echinococcus in domestic dogs in highly endemic for echinococcosis. Infect. Dis. Poverty https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40249-018-0458-8 (2018).","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Poverty"},{"key":"55515_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04082-6","author":"X Weng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Weng, X. et al. The effects of dog management on Echinococcus spp. prevalence in villages on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, China. Parasit. Vector https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-020-04082-6 (2020).","journal-title":"Parasit. Vector"},{"key":"55515_CR22","unstructured":"Statistics Canada (Ottawa, 2023)."},{"key":"55515_CR23","volume-title":"Calgary\u2019s Natural Parks: Yours to Explore","author":"J Foley","year":"2006","unstructured":"Foley, J. Calgary\u2019s Natural Parks: Yours to Explore (Calgary Field Naturalists\u2019 Society, 2006)."},{"key":"55515_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2014.03.007","volume":"44","author":"S Liccioli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liccioli, S., Kutz, S. J., Ruckstuhl, K. E. & Massolo, A. Spatial heterogeneity and temporal variations in Echinococcus multilocularis infections in wild hosts in a North American urban setting. Int. J. Parasitol. 44, 457\u2013465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpara.2014.03.007 (2014).","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"55515_CR25","volume-title":"City Clerk's Election and Information Services","author":"City of Calgary","year":"2016","unstructured":"City of Calgary. City Clerk\u2019s Election and Information Services (City of Calgary, 2016)."},{"key":"55515_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3277","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268815000400","volume":"143","author":"AF Smith","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smith, A. F., Rock, M., Neumann, N. & Massolo, A. Urban park-related risks for Giardia spp. infection in dogs. Epidemiol. Infect. 143, 3277\u20133291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268815000400 (2015).","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"55515_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182000081075","volume":"110","author":"P Veit","year":"1995","unstructured":"Veit, P. et al. Influence of environmental factors on the infectivity of Echinococcus multilocularis eggs. Parasitology 110, 79\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182000081075 (1995).","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"55515_CR28","unstructured":"Canadian Kennel Club. CKC breed standards. https:\/\/www.ckc.ca\/en\/Events\/CKC-Breed-Standards (2023)."},{"key":"55515_CR29","volume-title":"Biometry: The Principles and Practices of Statistics in Biological Research","author":"RR Sokal","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sokal, R. R. & Rohlf, F. J. Biometry: The Principles and Practices of Statistics in Biological Research 3rd edn. (W. H. Freeman, 1994).","edition":"3"},{"key":"55515_CR30","first-page":"719","volume":"22","author":"N Mantel","year":"1959","unstructured":"Mantel, N. & Haenszel, W. Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 22, 719\u2013748 (1959).","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"55515_CR31","volume-title":"Applied Regression Analysis and Generalized Linear Models","author":"J Fox","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fox, J. Applied Regression Analysis and Generalized Linear Models 3rd edn. (Sage Publications Inc, 2016).","edition":"3"},{"key":"55515_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-018-6125-y","volume":"118","author":"MA Santa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Santa, M. A., Pastran, S., Klein, C., Ruckstuhl, K. & Massolo, A. Evaluation of an automated magnetic bead-based DNA extraction and real-time PCR in fecal samples as a pre-screening test for detection of Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus canadensis in coyotes. Parasitol. Res. 118, 119\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-018-6125-y (2019).","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"55515_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09177-4","volume":"20","author":"M Flor","year":"2020","unstructured":"Flor, M., Wei\u03b2, M., Selhorst, T., M\u00fcller-Graf, C. & Greiner, M. Comparison of Bayesian and frequentist methods for prevalence estimation under misclassification. BMC Public Health 20, 1135 (2020).","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"55515_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2014.03.002","volume":"3","author":"KM Gesy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gesy, K. M. et al. Unexpected diversity of the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis in wildlife in Canada. Int. J. Parasitol. Parasites Wildl. 3, 81\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2014.03.002 (2014).","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol. Parasites Wildl."},{"key":"55515_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.14745\/ccdr.v45i78a01","volume":"45","author":"C Tse","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tse, C., Bullard, J., Rusk, R., Douma, D. & Plourde, P. Surveillance of Echinococcus tapeworm in coyotes and domestic dogs in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Can. Commun. Dis. Rep. 45, 171\u2013176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14745\/ccdr.v45i78a01 (2019).","journal-title":"Can. Commun. Dis. Rep."},{"key":"55515_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0870-x","author":"A Villeneuve","year":"2015","unstructured":"Villeneuve, A. et al. Parasite prevalence in fecal samples from shelter dogs and cats across the Canadian provinces. Parasit. Vector https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-015-0870-x (2015).","journal-title":"Parasit. Vector"},{"key":"55515_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12792","volume":"68","author":"JD Kotwa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kotwa, J. D. et al. Evaluation of the prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in dogs that visit off-leash dog parks in southern Ontario, Canada. Zoon. Public Health 68, 533\u2013537 (2021).","journal-title":"Zoon. Public Health"},{"key":"55515_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2014.03.005","volume":"155","author":"LR Mehrkam","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mehrkam, L. R. & Wynne, C. D. Behavioral differences among breeds of domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris): Current status of the science. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 155, 12\u201327 (2014).","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"55515_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-53994-7_2","volume-title":"Domestic Dog Cognition and Behaviour, Ch. 2","author":"JA Serpell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Serpell, J. A. & Duffy, D. L. In Domestic Dog Cognition and Behaviour, Ch. 2 (ed. Horowitz, A.) 31\u201357 (Springer, 2014)."},{"key":"55515_CR40","volume-title":"Dogs: A New Understanding of Canine Origin, Behavior and Evolution","author":"R Coppinger","year":"2002","unstructured":"Coppinger, R. & Coppinger, L. Dogs: A New Understanding of Canine Origin, Behavior and Evolution (University of Chicago Press, 2002)."},{"key":"55515_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1053\/tvjl.1998.0327","volume":"157","author":"R Bugg","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bugg, R., Robertson, I., Elliot, A. & Thompson, R. Gastrointestinal parasites of urban dogs in Perth, Western Australia. Vet. J. 157, 295\u2013301 (1999).","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"55515_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.02.016","volume":"162","author":"KE Bridger","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bridger, K. E. & Whitney, H. Gastrointestinal parasites in dogs from the Island of St. Pierre off the south coast of Newfoundland. Vet. Parasitol. 162, 167\u2013170 (2009).","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"55515_CR43","first-page":"435","volume":"25","author":"JIGDS Ferreira","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ferreira, J. I. G. D. S., Pena, H. F. J., Azevedo, S. S., Labruna, M. B. & Gennari, S. M. Occurrences of gastrointestinal parasites in fecal samples from domestic dogs in S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil. J. Vet. Parasitol. 25, 435\u2013440 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"55515_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.11.012","volume":"136","author":"MF Fontanarrosa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fontanarrosa, M. F., Vezzani, D., Basabe, J. & Eiras, D. F. An epidemiological study of gastrointestinal parasites of dogs from Southern Greater Buenos Aires (Argentina): Age, gender, breed, mixed infections, and seasonal and spatial patterns. Vet. Parasitol. 136, 283\u2013295 (2006).","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"55515_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2009.05.030","volume":"91","author":"BCC Balassiano","year":"2009","unstructured":"Balassiano, B. C. C., Campos, M. R. & Pereira, M. J. S. Factors associated with gastrointestinal parasite infection in dogs in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Prev. Vet. Med. 91, 234\u2013240 (2009).","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"55515_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2014.275-280","volume":"7","author":"W Ahmed","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ahmed, W., Mousa, W., Aboelhadid, S. & Tawfik, M. Prevalence of zoonotic and other gastrointestinal parasites in police and house dogs in Alexandria, Egypt. Vet. World 7, 275\u2013280 (2014).","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"55515_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1590\/S1984-29612015077","volume":"24","author":"OM Torres-Chabl\u00e9","year":"2015","unstructured":"Torres-Chabl\u00e9, O. M. et al. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in domestic dogs in Tabasco, southeastern Mexico. Braz. J. Vet. Parasitol. 24, 432\u2013437 (2015).","journal-title":"Braz. J. Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"55515_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1080\/10888700902956151","volume":"12","author":"VL Voith","year":"2009","unstructured":"Voith, V. L., Ingram, E., Mitsouras, K. & Irizarry, K. Comparison of adoption agency breed identification and DNA breed identification of dogs. J. Appl. Anim. Welf. Sci. 12, 253\u2013262 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Anim. Welf. Sci."},{"key":"55515_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.241.9.1163","volume":"241","author":"RJ Simpson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Simpson, R. J., Simpson, K. J. & VanKavage, L. Rethinking dog breed identification in veterinary practice. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 241, 1163\u20131166 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"55515_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-4218-9","volume":"114","author":"R Nijsse","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nijsse, R., Ploeger, H., Wagenaar, J. & Mughini-Gras, L. Toxocara canis in household dogs: Prevalence, risk factors and owners\u2019 attitude towards deworming. Parasitol. Res. 114, 561\u2013569 (2015).","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"55515_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-429","author":"AF Smith","year":"2014","unstructured":"Smith, A. F., Semeniuk, C. A. D., Kutz, S. J. & Massolo, A. Dog-walking behaviours affect gastrointestinal parasitism in park-attending dogs. Parasit. Vectors https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-3305-7-429 (2014).","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"55515_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.08.019","volume":"184","author":"A Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang, A., Ruch-Gallie, R., Scorza, V., Lin, P. & Lappin, M. R. Prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium species in dog park attending dogs compared to non-dog park attending dogs in one region of Colorado. Vet. Parasitol. 184, 335\u2013340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.08.019 (2012).","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"55515_CR53","first-page":"497","volume":"52","author":"MC Gaunt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gaunt, M. C. & Carr, A. P. A survey of intestinal parasites in dogs from Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Can. Vet. J. 52, 497 (2011).","journal-title":"Can. Vet. J."},{"key":"55515_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2020.100450","author":"L Lempereur","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lempereur, L. et al. Coprological survey of endoparasite infections in owned dogs and owners\u2019 perceptions of endoparasite control in Belgium and the Netherlands. Vet. Parasitol. Reg. Stud. Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vprsr.2020.100450 (2020).","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol. Reg. Stud. Rep."},{"key":"55515_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S247","DOI":"10.1089\/bsp.2012.0085","volume":"11","author":"M L\u00f5hmus","year":"2013","unstructured":"L\u00f5hmus, M., Janse, I., Van De Goot, F. & Van Rotterdam, B. J. Rodents as potential couriers for bioterrorism agents. Biosecur. Bioterr. 11, S247\u2013S257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/bsp.2012.0085 (2013).","journal-title":"Biosecur. Bioterr."},{"key":"55515_CR56","first-page":"503","volume":"124","author":"A Nagy","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nagy, A., Ziadinov, I., Schweiger, A., Schnyder, M. & Deplazes, P. Hair coat contamination with zoonotic helminth eggs of farm and pet dogs and foxes. Berl. Munch. Tierarztl. Wochenschr. 124, 503\u2013511 (2011).","journal-title":"Berl. Munch. Tierarztl. Wochenschr."},{"key":"55515_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2003.11.011","volume":"20","author":"P Deplazes","year":"2004","unstructured":"Deplazes, P., Hegglin, D., Gloor, S. & Romig, T. Wilderness in the city: The urbanization of Echinococcus multilocularis. Trends Parasitol. 20, 77\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pt.2003.11.011 (2004).","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"55515_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2017031","volume":"24","author":"M-L Poulle","year":"2017","unstructured":"Poulle, M.-L. et al. Detection of Echinococcus multilocularis and other foodborne parasites in fox, cat and dog faeces collected in kitchen gardens in a highly endemic area for alveolar echinococcosis. Parasite 24, 29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/parasite\/2017031 (2017).","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"55515_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009428","volume":"15","author":"MA Santa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Santa, M. A. et al. Deep amplicon sequencing highlights low intra-host genetic variability of Echinococcus multilocularis and high prevalence of the European-type haplotypes in coyotes and red foxes in Alberta, Canada. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 15, e0009428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009428 (2021).","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"55515_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2023.0128","volume":"290","author":"MA Santa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Santa, M. A. et al. It\u2019s a small world for parasites: Evidence supporting the North American invasion of European Echinococcus multilocularis. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 290, 20230128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.2023.0128 (2023).","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"55515_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005801","volume":"11","author":"FJ Conraths","year":"2017","unstructured":"Conraths, F. J. et al. Potential risk factors associated with human alveolar echinococcosis: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 11, e0005801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005801 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-55515-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-55515-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-55515-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T01:08:03Z","timestamp":1709255283000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-55515-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["55515"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-55515-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 August 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 February 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 March 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"5066"}}