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Dual time-point hand radiography was performed at median interval (range 3.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4\u00a0years) in 64 recruited patients. Progressive acro-osteolysis was defined as the worsening of severity of acro-osteolysis according to rating scale (normal, mild, moderate, and severe). Incidence of the progression was determined. Cox regression was analyzed for the predictors<jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold> A total of 193.6 per 100 person-years, 19\/64 patients had progressive acro-osteolysis with incidence of 9.8 per 100-person-years (95% CI 6.3\u201315.4). The median time of progressive acro-osteolysis was 3.5\u00a0years. Rate of progression increased from 1st to 3rd years follow-up with the progression rate at 1-, 2- and 3-years were 0, 2.0 and 18.3%, respectively. Patients with positive anti-topoisomerase I tended to have more progressive acro-osteolysis but no significant predictors on Cox regression. 44%, 18%, and 33% of who had no, mild, and moderate acro-osteolysis previously developed progression and 10 turned to be severe acro-osteolysis. In conclusion, the incidence of progressive acro-osteolysis was uncommon in early SSc but the rate of progression was pronouncedly increasing after three years follow-up. A half of the patients progressed to severe acro-osteolysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-55877-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T16:03:57Z","timestamp":1709309037000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Clinical course and factors associated with progressive acro-osteolysis in early systemic sclerosis: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5532-0165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Punthip","family":"Thammaroj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prathana","family":"Chowchuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chingching","family":"Foocharoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"55877_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reumae.2015.11.010","volume":"12","author":"JC Arana-Ruiz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Arana-Ruiz, J. 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