{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T21:54:54Z","timestamp":1785189294531,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Application and Promotion Project of Shengli Petroleum Administration Co., LTD., Sinopec Group","award":["GT2004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GT2004"]}]},{"name":"Special project of China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation Limited","award":["JR22081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JR22081"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Due to the alternating loads on pumping units and the integration of new energy sources, multisource DC microgrid pumping unit well groups experience increased fluctuations in voltage and power as well as superimposed peak and valley values. This work presents a distributed control strategy for pumping unit well groups on a multisource DC microgrid based on the weighted moving average algorithm. A centralized control program is implanted in the RTU of the single-well controller of each pumping unit, and communication with each well is realized via SCADA and multicast communication, resulting in a distributed well group system. The real-time power values of the pumping well group are calculated by grouping the power values, and each group is weighted using the total power fluctuation threshold of the well group as the control target. Then, a weighted moving average algorithm is used to predict the next power value and form a table of predicted real-time power spectra. According to the power values in the community power spectrum table, the inverter frequency is proportionally adjusted downwards to reach the power peak before deceleration; after the power peak is crossed, the frequency is increased in the same way to reach the power valley before acceleration. Finally, the peak and valley power values of the bus system level off and further learn to reach the set impulse; ultimately, a stable impulse is formed. In laboratory testing and field application in the Shengli Oilfield XIN-11 block, the group control software module effectively suppressed the active power peak and valley values and voltage fluctuations of the bus system, the active power fluctuation rate range decreased by more than 70%, and the DC bus voltage fluctuation range decreased by more than 80%; moreover, the active power decreased by approximately 6% without additional hardware costs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-56018-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T08:03:51Z","timestamp":1709625831000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Development of a distributed group control strategy for pumping well groups connected by multisource DC microgrids"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jixiang","family":"Yue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenhua","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoguang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenyu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenjie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"56018_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.13334\/j.0258-8013.pcsee.2016.01.001","volume":"36","author":"X Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li, X., Guo, L., Wang, C. & Li, Y. Key technologies of DC microgrid: An overview. Proc. CSEE 36(01), 2\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13334\/j.0258-8013.pcsee.2016.01.001 (2016).","journal-title":"Proc. CSEE"},{"key":"56018_CR2","volume-title":"Research on Group-Controlling Strategy and Optimization Method of Photovoltaic Microgrid System","author":"K Hu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hu, K. Research on Group-Controlling Strategy and Optimization Method of Photovoltaic Microgrid System (Zhejiang University of Technology, 2016)."},{"issue":"1","key":"56018_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1109\/TSTE.2020.2983985","volume":"12","author":"BR Ravada","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ravada, B. R., Tummuru, N. R. & Ande, B. N. L. Photovoltaic-wind and hybrid energy storage integrated multi-source converter configuration for DC microgrid applications. IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy 12(1), 83\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TSTE.2020.2983985 (2021).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy"},{"key":"56018_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Camargo, E., Aceros, E. & Aguila, J. Intelligent well systems. Presented at the 2015 Asia-Pacific Conference on Computer Aided System Engineering IEEE, 13\u201318 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/APCASE.2015.10.","DOI":"10.1109\/APCASE.2015.10"},{"key":"56018_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tianshi, L. & Yalei, M. Improved ant colony optimization for interval pumping of pumping unit. Presented at the 2014 Fifth International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Engineering Applications, 550\u2013555 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISDEA.2014.130.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISDEA.2014.130"},{"key":"56018_CR6","unstructured":"National Energy Administration, Guidance of the National Energy Administration on Promoting the Construction of New Energy Microgrid demonstration Projects (National Energy Administration, 2015). [Online]. http:\/\/zfxxgk.nea.gov.on\/aut087\/-201507\/t20150722-1949.htm."},{"key":"56018_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhou, Q. D. et al. Application of intelligent control technology for oilfield. Presented at the 2021 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Control, Measurement and Signal Processing and Intelligent Oil Field (ICMSP), 271\u2013275 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICMSP53480.2021.9513378.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMSP53480.2021.9513378"},{"key":"56018_CR8","unstructured":"Zhang, C., Research on Group Control System in Beam Pumping Unit Based on DC Bus Power Supply. Ph.D. thesis, China Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China (2010)."},{"key":"56018_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1109\/IAS48185.2021.9677220","volume":"8","author":"H Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li, H., Zhang, J. & Ma, R. Research on group control system of common-dc bus pumping unit based on wind network complementary wind Power Priorit. Electrotech. Appl. 8, 86\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IAS48185.2021.9677220 (2014).","journal-title":"Electrotech. Appl."},{"key":"56018_CR10","unstructured":"Su, J. Research on Centralized Optimal Control Technology of multi Pumping Units Based on Common DC Bus. Ph.D. thesis, China University of Petruleum, Qingdao, China (2018)."},{"key":"56018_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, H. et al. Electromechanical based energy saving control strategy for beam pumping motor systems in oil production industry. Presented at the 2021 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS), 1\u20138, (2021).","DOI":"10.1109\/IAS48185.2021.9677220"},{"key":"56018_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Konstantelos, Giannelos, S. & Strbac, G. Strategic valuation of smart grid technology options in distribution networks. Presented at the 2017 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, 1\u20131 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.16157\/j.issn.0258-7998.2018.S1.071.","DOI":"10.16157\/j.issn.0258-7998.2018.S1.071"},{"issue":"7","key":"56018_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6238","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2020.2994874","volume":"68","author":"Z Cheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheng, Z., Ren, H., Zhang, B. & Lu, R. Distributed Kalman filter for large-scale power systems with state inequality constraints. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 68(7), 6238\u20136247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIE.2020.2994874 (2021).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron."},{"key":"56018_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sharma, Chakrabarti, S. & Srivastava, S. Testing and validation of power system dynamic state estimators using real time digital simulator (RTDS). Presented at the 2017 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, 1\u20131 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/PESGM.2017.8274604.","DOI":"10.1109\/PESGM.2017.8274604"},{"key":"56018_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dong, S., Wei, L., Huawei, L. & Liang, Z. The beam pumping unit synchronization test data analysis and the application. Presented at the 2013 Fifth International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation, 1142\u20131145 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICMTMA.2013.27.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMTMA.2013.27"},{"key":"56018_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Starke, M. et al. Architecture and implementation of microgrid controller. Presented at the 2016 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT), 1\u20135 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISGT.2016.7781243.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISGT.2016.7781243"},{"key":"56018_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMR.538-541.1122","volume":"538\u2013541","author":"Q Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li, Q. et al. Application of fuzzy controller with self-tuning scaling factors for the filling system of counter-gravity casting. Adv. Mater. Res. 538\u2013541, 1122\u20131129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMR.538-541.1122 (2012).","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"56018_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2015.2494844","volume":"63","author":"B Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang, B. et al. Distributed coordinated motion tracking of the linear switched reluctance machine-based group control system. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 63(3), 1480\u20131489. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIE.2015.2494844 (2016).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron."},{"key":"56018_CR19","first-page":"159","volume":"4","author":"X Ma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ma, X. et al. Research and application of intelligent group control system based on pumping unit micro grid. Electr. Eng. 4, 159\u2013161 (2020).","journal-title":"Electr. Eng."},{"issue":"6","key":"56018_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2016.2585379","volume":"12","author":"M Zare","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zare, M. et al. New stochastic bi-objective optimal cost and chance of operation management approach for smart microgrid. IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform. 12(6), 2031\u20132040. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TII.2016.2585379 (2016).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform."},{"issue":"3","key":"56018_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2022.3156850","volume":"13","author":"A Derbas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Derbas, A. et al. A hybrid power sharing control to enhance the small signal stability in DC microgrids. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 13(3), 1826\u20131837. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TSG.2022.3156850 (2022).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Smart Grid"},{"issue":"4","key":"56018_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1109\/TASE.2020.3021949","volume":"18","author":"S-KS Fan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fan, S.-K.S., Jen, C.-H., Hsu, C.-Y. & Liao, Y.-L. A new double exponentially weighted moving average run-to-run control using a disturbance-accumulating strategy for mixed-product mode. IEEE Trans. Autom. Sci. Eng. 18(4), 1846\u20131860. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TASE.2020.3021949 (2021).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Autom. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"56018_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94426","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3093980","volume":"9","author":"J Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim, J., Kwak, S. & Choi, S. DC series arc detection algorithm based on adaptive moving average technique. IEEE Access 9, 94426\u201394437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3093980 (2021).","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"5","key":"56018_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.35833\/MPCE.2021.000717","volume":"10","author":"Y Dong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dong, Y., Ma, S., Zhang, H. & Yang, G. Wind power prediction based on multi-class autoregressive moving average model with logistic function. J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy 10(5), 1184\u20131193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35833\/MPCE.2021.000717 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy"},{"key":"56018_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.13382\/j.jemi.2017.05.022.JEMI.2017.05.022,3382\/j.jemi.2017.05.022","volume":"31","author":"J Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang, J. et al. Research on synchronous grid-connecting of microgrid based on Kalman filter. J. Electron. Meas. Instrum. 31, 809\u2013815. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13382\/j.jemi.2017.05.022.JEMI.2017.05.022,3382\/j.jemi.2017.05.022 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Electron. Meas. Instrum."},{"key":"56018_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4630","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3048175","volume":"9","author":"T-T Nguyen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nguyen, T.-T. & Kim, H.-M. Cluster-based predictive PCC voltage control of large-scale offshore wind farm. IEEE Access 9, 4630\u20134641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3048175 (2021).","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"7","key":"56018_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6238","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2020.2994874","volume":"68","author":"Z Cheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheng, Z. et al. Distributed Kalman filter for large-scale power systems with state inequality constraints. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 68(7), 6238\u20136247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIE.2020.2994874 (2021).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron."},{"key":"56018_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161975","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2951429","volume":"7","author":"MS Munsi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Munsi, M. S. et al. A novel blended state estimated adaptive controller for voltage and current control of microgrid against unknown noise. IEEE Access 7, 161975\u2013161995. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2951429 (2019).","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"5","key":"56018_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/jnm.3097","volume":"36","author":"J Kumar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumar, J., Agarwal, A. & Singh, N. A cost-effective DC microgrid system for resilient power supply to grid-connected societies. Int. J. Numer. Model. Electron. Netw. Devices Fields 36(5), 1\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jnm.3097 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Numer. Model. Electron. Netw. Devices Fields"},{"issue":"4","key":"56018_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/est2.308","volume":"4","author":"J Kumar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kumar, J., Agarwal, A. & Singh, N. Multipurpose water storage tank-based DC microgrid system for isolated communities. Energy Storage 4(4), 1\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/est2.308 (2022).","journal-title":"Energy Storage"},{"key":"56018_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2951429","volume":"5","author":"L Che","year":"2017","unstructured":"Che, L. & Shahidehpour, M. DC microgrid: Econic operation and enhancement of resilience by hierarchical control. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 5, 2517\u20132526. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2951429 (2017).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Smart Grid"},{"key":"56018_CR32","unstructured":"Li, J. et al. Dc bus group control algorithm for pumping unit based on power weighted prediction. CN Patient NO.202110011742.4 (2021)."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-56018-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-56018-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-56018-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T08:14:38Z","timestamp":1709626478000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-56018-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["56018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-56018-0","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3563807\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 November 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 February 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 March 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"5443"}}