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One of the major challenge of measuring eFFRs in CI users is the process of isolating the stimulation artifact from the neural response, as both the response and the artifact overlap in time and have similar frequency characteristics. Here we introduce a new artifact removal method based on template subtraction that successfully removes the stimulation artifacts from the recordings when CI users are stimulated with pulse trains from 128 to 300 pulses per second in a monopolar configuration. Our results show that, although artifact removal was successful in all CI users, the phase-locking ability of the brainstem to the different pulse rates, as assessed with the eFFR differed substantially across participants. These results show that the eFFR can be measured, free from artifacts, in CI users and that they can be used to gain insight in individual differences in temporal processing of the electrically stimulated auditory pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-56047-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T08:46:11Z","timestamp":1710405971000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Artifact removal by template subtraction enables recordings of the frequency following response in cochlear-implant users"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Robin","family":"Gransier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert P.","family":"Carlyon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew L.","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Middlebrooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Wouters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"56047_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2326","volume":"12","author":"DR Moore","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moore, D. 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