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This study investigated the physical, mechanical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of a composite made of starch and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) containing various concentrations of\n                    <jats:italic>Ferula gummosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    essential oil (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%). The addition of ZnO NPs improved the thickness, mechanical and microbial properties, and reduced the water vapor permeability of the starch active film. The addition of\n                    <jats:italic>F. gummosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    essential oil to the starch nanocomposite decreased the water vapor permeability from 6.25 to 5.63\u00a0g\u00a0mm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0d\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0kPa\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , but this decrease was significant only at the concentration of 1.5% of essential oils (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Adding 1.5% of\n                    <jats:italic>F. gummosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    essential oil to starch nanocomposite led to a decrease in Tensile Strength value, while an increase in Elongation at Break values was observed. The results of the antimicrobial activity of the nanocomposite revealed that the pure starch film did not show any lack of growth zone. The addition of ZnO NPs to the starch matrix resulted in antimicrobial activity on both studied bacteria (\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). The highest antimicrobial activity was observed in the starch\/ZnO NPs film containing 1.5% essential oil with an inhibition zone of 340\u00a0mm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    on\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Antioxidant activity increased significantly with increasing concentration of\n                    <jats:italic>F. gummosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    essential oil (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The film containing 1.5% essential oil had the highest (50.5%) antioxidant activity. Coating also improved the chemical characteristics of fish fillet. In conclusion, the starch nanocomposite containing ZnO NPs and\n                    <jats:italic>F. gummosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    essential oil has the potential to be used in the aquatic packaging industry.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-56062-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,9]],"date-time":"2024-03-09T02:01:36Z","timestamp":1709949696000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Investigation of physio-mechanical, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of starch\u2013zinc oxide nanoparticles active films reinforced with Ferula gummosa Boiss essential oil"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hamid","family":"Sarhadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Shahdadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Salehi Sardoei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehrnaz","family":"Hatami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mansour","family":"Ghorbanpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"56062_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2019.101290","volume":"54","author":"M Heydari-Majd","year":"2020","unstructured":"Heydari-Majd, M., Rezaeinia, H., Shadan, M. 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