{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T17:00:34Z","timestamp":1762102834390,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710201600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E-26\/201337\/2022","E-26\/200.199\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/201337\/2022","E-26\/200.199\/2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005156","name":"Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K\u00fcchler\/Kirschneck accepted on July 4th, 2019","K\u00fcchler\/Kirschneck accepted on July 4th, 2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K\u00fcchler\/Kirschneck accepted on July 4th, 2019","K\u00fcchler\/Kirschneck accepted on July 4th, 2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Bonn"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in endochondral development-related genes and mandibular condyle shape, size, volume, and symmetry traits. Cone-beam Computed Tomographies and genomic DNA from 118 individuals were evaluated (age range: 15\u201366\u00a0years). Data from twelve 3D landmarks on mandibular condyles were submitted to morphometric analyses including Procrustes fit, principal component analysis, and estimation of centroid sizes and fluctuating asymmetry scores. Condylar volumes were additionally measured. Seven SNPs across <jats:italic>BMP2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>BMP4<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>RUNX2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>SMAD6<\/jats:italic> were genotyped. Linear models were fit to evaluate the effect of the SNPs on the mandibular condyles\u2019 quantitative traits. Only the association between <jats:italic>BMP2<\/jats:italic> rs1005464 and centroid size remained significant after adjusting to account for the false discovery rate due to multiple testing. Individuals carrying at least one A allele for this SNP showed larger condylar size than common homozygotes GG (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.043; 95% CI: 0.014\u20140.071; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> value\u2009=\u20090.028). The model including <jats:italic>BMP2<\/jats:italic> rs1005464, age and sex of the participants explained 17% of the variation in condylar size. Shape, volume, and symmetry were not associated with the evaluated SNPs. These results suggest that <jats:italic>BMP2<\/jats:italic> rs1005464 might be associated with variation in the mandibular condyles size.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-56530-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T23:02:16Z","timestamp":1710284536000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["BMP2 rs1005464 is associated with mandibular condyle size variation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Guido Artemio","family":"Mara\u00f1\u00f3n-V\u00e1squez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00f4nica Tirre","family":"de Souza Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f4nio Carlos","family":"de Oliveira Ruellas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00edrian Aiko Nakane","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcio","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra Regina Santos","family":"Meyfarth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00edvia Azeredo Alves","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flares","family":"Baratto-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafaela","family":"Scariot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Flores-Mir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Kirschneck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Santos Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erika Calvano","family":"K\u00fcchler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"56530_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(68)90177-2","volume":"54","author":"K Koski","year":"1968","unstructured":"Koski, K. Cranial growth centers: Facts or fallacies?. Am. J. Orthod. 54, 566\u2013583 (1968).","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod."},{"key":"56530_CR2","first-page":"95","volume":"38","author":"ML Moss","year":"1968","unstructured":"Moss, M. L. & Rankow, R. M. The role of the functional matrix in mandibular growth. Angle Orthod. 38, 95\u2013103 (1968).","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"56530_CR3","first-page":"25","volume":"10","author":"AG Petrovic","year":"1972","unstructured":"Petrovic, A. G. Mechanisms and regulation of mandibular condylar growth. Acta Morphol. Neerl. Scand. 10, 25\u201334 (1972).","journal-title":"Acta Morphol. Neerl. Scand."},{"key":"56530_CR4","unstructured":"Duterloo, H. S. & Wolters, J. M. Experiments on the significance of articular function as a stimulating chondrogenic factor for the growth of secondary cartilages of the rat mandible. Trans. Eur. Orthod. Soc. 103\u2013115 (1971)."},{"key":"56530_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.24130","volume":"243","author":"RJ Hinton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hinton, R. J. Genes that regulate morphogenesis and growth of the temporomandibular joint: A review. Dev. Dyn. 243, 864\u2013874 (2014).","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"56530_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ctdb.2015.07.008","volume":"115","author":"RJ Hinton","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hinton, R. J., Jing, J. & Feng, J. Q. Genetic influences on temporomandibular joint development and growth. Curr. Top. Dev. Biol. 115, 85\u2013109 (2015).","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"56530_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-004-0393-2","volume":"208","author":"S Shibata","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shibata, S. et al. Runx2-deficient mice lack mandibular condylar cartilage and have deformed Meckel\u2019s cartilage. Anat. Embryol. 208, 273\u2013280 (2004).","journal-title":"Anat. Embryol."},{"key":"56530_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2003.09.006","volume":"49","author":"ABM Rabie","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rabie, A. B. M., Tang, G. H. & H\u00e4gg, U. Cbfa1 couples chondrocytes maturation and endochondral ossification in rat mandibular condylar cartilage. Arch. Oral Biol. 49, 109\u2013118 (2004).","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"56530_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3436","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26761","volume":"234","author":"L Liao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liao, L. et al. Deletion of Runx2 in condylar chondrocytes disrupts TMJ tissue homeostasis. J. Cell. Physiol. 234, 3436\u20133444 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"56530_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734S","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603520980158","volume":"13","author":"MH O\u2019Brien","year":"2021","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien, M. H., Dutra, E. H., Mehta, S., Chen, P. & Yadav, S. BMP2 is required for postnatal maintenance of osteochondral tissues of the temporomandibular joint. Cartilage 13, 734S-743S (2021).","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"key":"56530_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0177(200004)217:4<401::AID-DVDY7>3.0.CO;2-D","volume":"217","author":"I Semba","year":"2000","unstructured":"Semba, I. et al. Positionally-dependent chondrogenesis induced by BMP4 is co-regulated by Sox9 and Msx2. Dev. Dyn. 217, 401\u2013414 (2000).","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"56530_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.443","volume":"26","author":"KD Estrada","year":"2011","unstructured":"Estrada, K. D., Retting, K. N., Chin, A. M. & Lyons, K. M. Smad6 is essential to limit BMP signaling during cartilage development. J. Bone Miner. Res. 26, 2498\u20132510 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"56530_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.10.054","volume":"136","author":"Y Tomoyasu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tomoyasu, Y. et al. Further evidence for an association between mandibular height and the growth hormone receptor gene in a Japanese population. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop. 136, 536\u2013541 (2009).","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"56530_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2001.114536","volume":"119","author":"T Yamaguchi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yamaguchi, T., Maki, K. & Shibasaki, Y. Growth hormone receptor gene variant and mandibular height in the normal Japanese population. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop. 119, 650\u2013653 (2001).","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"56530_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910508401116","volume":"84","author":"J Zhou","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zhou, J. et al. The growth hormone receptor gene is associated with mandibular height in a Chinese population. J. Dent. Res. 84, 1052\u20131056 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"56530_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2009.03.002","volume":"54","author":"EH Kang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kang, E. H. et al. Association of the growth hormone receptor gene polymorphisms with mandibular height in a Korean population. Arch. Oral Biol. 54, 556\u2013562 (2009).","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"56530_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2017.02.020","volume":"45","author":"M Constant","year":"2017","unstructured":"Constant, M. et al. Condylar geometry variation is associated with ENPP1 variant in a population of patients with dento-facial deformities. J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg. 45, 826\u2013830 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"56530_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.4103\/ams.ams_40_21","volume":"11","author":"B Olsson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Olsson, B. et al. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in Runt-related Transcription Factor 2 and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 impact on their maxillary and mandibular gene expression in different craniofacial patterns\u2014A comparative study. Ann. Maxillofac. Surg. 11, 222\u2013228 (2021).","journal-title":"Ann. Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"56530_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12433","volume":"24","author":"EC K\u00fcchler","year":"2021","unstructured":"K\u00fcchler, E. C. et al. Potential interactions among single nucleotide polymorphisms in bone- and cartilage-related genes in skeletal malocclusions. Orthod. Craniofac. Res. 24, 277\u2013287 (2021).","journal-title":"Orthod. Craniofac. Res."},{"key":"56530_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2022.103405","volume":"29","author":"AS Hussein","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hussein, A. S., Porntaveetus, T. & Abid, M. The association of polymorphisms in BMP2\/MYO1H and skeletal Class II div.1 maxillary and mandibular dimensions. A preliminary report. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 29, 103405 (2022).","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"56530_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-160X-8-34","volume":"8","author":"M Saccucci","year":"2012","unstructured":"Saccucci, M. et al. Condylar volume and condylar area in class I, class II and class III young adult subjects. Head Face Med. 8, 34 (2012).","journal-title":"Head Face Med."},{"issue":"540","key":"56530_CR22","first-page":"e1","volume":"138","author":"K You","year":"2010","unstructured":"You, K., Lee, K., Lee, S. & Baik, H. Three-dimensional computed tomography analysis of mandibular morphology in patients with facial asymmetry and mandibular prognathism. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop. 138(540), e1-540.e8 (2010).","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"56530_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(98)70216-1","volume":"114","author":"G Burke","year":"1998","unstructured":"Burke, G., Major, P., Glover, K. & Prasad, N. Correlations between condylar characteristics and facial morphology in Class II preadolescent patients. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop. 114, 328\u2013336 (1998).","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"56530_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.05.024","volume":"128","author":"EG Katsavrias","year":"2005","unstructured":"Katsavrias, E. G. & Halazonetis, D. J. Condyle and fossa shape in Class II and Class III skeletal patterns: A morphometric tomographic study. Am. J. Orthop. Dentofacial Orthop. 128, 337\u2013346 (2005).","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthop. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"56530_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2017.11.001","volume":"125","author":"MS Chang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chang, M. S. et al. Relationships between temporomandibular joint disk displacements and condylar volume. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. 125, 192\u2013198 (2018).","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol."},{"key":"56530_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.dmfr.4600727","volume":"31","author":"H Kurita","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kurita, H., Ohtsuka, A., Kobayashi, H. & Kurashina, K. Alteration of the horizontal mandibular condyle size associated with temporomandibular joint internal derangement in adult females. Dentomaxillofac. Radiol. 31, 373\u2013378 (2002).","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac. Radiol."},{"key":"56530_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2019.04.010","volume":"129","author":"BY Seo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Seo, B. Y., An, J. S., Chang, M. S., Huh, K. H. & Ahn, S. J. Changes in condylar dimensions in temporomandibular joints with disk displacement. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. 129, 72\u201379 (2020).","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol."},{"key":"56530_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2020.1857627","volume":"41","author":"T Arayapisit","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arayapisit, T. et al. Understanding the mandibular condyle morphology on panoramic images: A conebeam computed tomography comparison study. Cranio 41, 354\u2013361 (2023).","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"key":"56530_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2512","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-010-1828-1","volume":"20","author":"CA Karlo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Karlo, C. A. et al. Size, shape and age-related changes of the mandibular condyle during childhood. Eur. Radiol. 20, 2512\u20132517 (2010).","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"56530_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2018.1431591","volume":"37","author":"VP Rodrigues","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rodrigues, V. P. et al. Tooth loss and craniofacial factors associated with changes in mandibular condylar morphology. Cranio 37, 310\u2013316 (2019).","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"key":"56530_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sult.2007.02.002","volume":"28","author":"X Alomar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Alomar, X. et al. Anatomy of the temporomandibular joint. Semin. Ultrasound CT. MR. 28, 170\u2013183 (2007).","journal-title":"Semin. Ultrasound CT. MR."},{"key":"56530_CR32","first-page":"8327","volume":"28","author":"M Tassoker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tassoker, M., Kabakci, A. D., Akin, D. & Sener, S. Evaluation of mandibular notch, coronoid process, and mandibular condyle configurations with cone beam computed tomography. Biomed. Res. 28, 8327\u20138335 (2017).","journal-title":"Biomed. Res."},{"key":"56530_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2621","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000005699","volume":"30","author":"ED Yalcin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yalcin, E. D. & Ararat, E. Cone-beam computed tomography study of mandibular condylar morphology. J. Craniofac. Surg. 30, 2621\u20132624 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"56530_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(66)90238-6","volume":"21","author":"SH Yale","year":"1966","unstructured":"Yale, S. H., Allison, B. D. & Hauptfuehrer, J. D. An epidemiological assessment of mandibular condyle morphology. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. 21, 169\u2013177 (1966).","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol."},{"key":"56530_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2017.10.003","volume":"106","author":"JS Coogan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Coogan, J. S., Kim, D., Bredbenner, T. L. & Nicolella, D. Determination of sex differences of human cadaveric mandibular condyles using statistical shape and trait modelling. Bone 106, 35\u201341 (2018).","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"56530_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2342-10-28","volume":"10","author":"S Tecco","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tecco, S. et al. Condylar volume and surface in Caucasian young adult subjects. BMC Med. Imaging 10, 28 (2010).","journal-title":"BMC Med. Imaging"},{"key":"56530_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000004136","volume":"29","author":"A Safi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Safi, A. et al. Volumetric analysis of 700 mandibular condyles based upon cone beam computed tomography. J. Craniofac. Surg. 29, 506\u2013509 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"56530_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000004137","volume":"29","author":"A Safi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Safi, A. et al. Age-related volumetric changes in mandibular condyles. J. Craniofac. Surg. 29, 510\u2013513 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"56530_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-021-00976-6","volume":"26","author":"M Lentzen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lentzen, M. et al. A volumetric study of mandibular condyles in orthognathic patients by semiautomatic segmentation. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 26, 205\u2013212 (2022).","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"56530_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.07.032","volume":"136","author":"AF Rodrigues","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rodrigues, A. F., Fraga, M. R. & Vitral, R. W. F. Computed tomography evaluation of the temporomandibular joint in Class I malocclusion patients: Condylar symmetry and condyle-fossa relationship. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop. 136, 192\u2013198 (2009).","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"56530_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.21122","volume":"24","author":"GJ Dias","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dias, G. J., Cook, R. B. & Mirhosseini, M. Influence of food consistency on growth and morphology of the mandibular condyle. Clin. Anat. 24, 590\u2013598 (2011).","journal-title":"Clin. Anat."},{"key":"56530_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-020-00335-3","volume":"21","author":"M Oh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oh, M. & Cho, J. The three-dimensional morphology of mandible and glenoid fossa as contributing factors to menton deviation in facial asymmetry-retrospective study. Prog. Orthod. 21, 33 (2020).","journal-title":"Prog. Orthod."},{"key":"56530_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2020.04.008","volume":"33","author":"MK Alam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alam, M. K. et al. A 3D cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) investigation of mandibular condyle morphometry: Gender determination, disparities, asymmetry assessment and relationship with mandibular size. Saudi Dent. J. 33, 687\u2013692 (2021).","journal-title":"Saudi Dent. J."},{"key":"56530_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1080\/08977190412331279890","volume":"22","author":"D Chen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chen, D., Zhao, M. & Mundy, G. R. Bone morphogenetic proteins. Growth Factors 22, 233\u2013241 (2004).","journal-title":"Growth Factors"},{"key":"56530_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e101000","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101000","volume":"9","author":"S Gu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gu, S. et al. BMPR1A mediated signaling is essential for temporomandibular joint development in mice. PLoS One 9, e101000 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"56530_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mod.2003.12.003","volume":"121","author":"M Dudas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dudas, M., Sridurongrit, S., Nagy, A., Okazaki, K. & Kaartinen, V. Craniofacial defects in mice lacking BMP type I receptor Alk2 in neural crest cells. Mech. Dev. 121, 173\u2013182 (2004).","journal-title":"Mech. Dev."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"56530_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3109\/03008207.2014.923858","volume":"55","author":"J Jing","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jing, J. et al. Critical role of Bmpr1a in mandibular condyle growth. Connect. Tissue Res. 55(Suppl 1), 73\u201378 (2014).","journal-title":"Connect. Tissue Res."},{"key":"56530_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3441","volume":"33","author":"LW Gamer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gamer, L. W. et al. The role of Bmp2 in the maturation and maintenance of the murine knee joint. J. Bone Miner. Res. 33, 1708\u20131717 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"56530_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e355","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0020355","volume":"2","author":"RB Rountree","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rountree, R. B. et al. BMP receptor signaling is required for postnatal maintenance of articular cartilage. PLoS Biol. 2, e355 (2004).","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"56530_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2007.00739.x","volume":"211","author":"H Fukuoka","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fukuoka, H., Shibata, S., Suda, N., Yamashita, Y. & Komori, T. Bone morphogenetic protein rescues the lack of secondary cartilage in Runx2-deficient mice. J. Anat. 211, 8\u201315 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"56530_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1177\/002215540004801106","volume":"48","author":"HC Anderson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Anderson, H. C., Hodges, P. T., Aguilera, X. M., Missana, L. & Moylan, P. E. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) localization in developing human and rat growth plate, metaphysis, epiphysis, and articular cartilage. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 48, 1493\u20131502 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"56530_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1080\/0897719021000069579","volume":"20","author":"T Stoeger","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stoeger, T. et al. In situ gene expression analysis during BMP2-induced ectopic bone formation in mice shows simultaneous endochondral and intramembranous ossification. Growth Factors 20, 197\u2013210 (2002).","journal-title":"Growth Factors"},{"key":"56530_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4481","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03760-0","volume":"25","author":"JT Gerber","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gerber, J. T. et al. Odontogenesis-related candidate genes involved in variations of permanent teeth size. Clin. Oral Investig. 25, 4481\u20134494 (2021).","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"56530_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-3088","volume":"22","author":"K Sharma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharma, K. et al. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of BMP2 gene association with skeletal Class I crowding: A PCR study. J. Contemp. Dent. Pract. 22, 248\u2013252 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Contemp. Dent. Pract."},{"key":"56530_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.12.015","volume":"140","author":"TY Ting","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ting, T. Y., Wong, R. W. K. & Rabie, A. B. M. Analysis of genetic polymorphisms in skeletal Class I crowding. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop. 140, e9\u2013e15 (2011).","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"56530_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.25259\/JCIS_84_2020","volume":"10","author":"B Singh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singh, B. et al. Evaluation of normal morphology of mandibular condyle: a radiographic survey. J. Clin. Imaging Sci. 10, 51 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Imaging Sci."},{"issue":"597","key":"56530_CR57","first-page":"e4","volume":"62","author":"J Little","year":"2009","unstructured":"Little, J. et al. Strengthening the reporting of genetic association studies (STREGA): An extension of the strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 62(597), e4-608.e4 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"56530_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigss.2007.10.069","volume":"1","author":"NM Godinho","year":"2008","unstructured":"Godinho, N. M. et al. Regional patterns of genetic admixture in south America. Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. Suppl. Ser. 1, 329\u2013330 (2008).","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. Suppl. Ser."},{"key":"56530_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.2319\/020309-69.1","volume":"80","author":"M Kuc-Michalska","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kuc-Michalska, M. & Baccetti, T. Duration of the pubertal peak in skeletal Class I and Class III subjects. Angle Orthod. 80, 54\u201357 (2010).","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"56530_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2015.09.026","volume":"149","author":"ACO Ruellas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ruellas, A. C. O. et al. Comparison and reproducibility of 2 regions of reference for maxillary regional registration with cone-beam computed tomography. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop. 149, 533\u2013542 (2016).","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop."},{"key":"56530_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/87.2.285","volume":"87","author":"KV Mardia","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mardia, K. V., Bookstein, F. L. & Moreton, I. J. Statistical assessment of bilateral symmetry of shapes. Biometrika 87, 285\u2013300 (2000).","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"56530_CR62","first-page":"1909","volume":"56","author":"CP Klingenberg","year":"2002","unstructured":"Klingenberg, C. P., Barluenga, M. & Meyer, A. Shape analysis of symmetric structures: Quantifying variation among individuals and asymmetry. Evolution 56, 1909\u20131920 (2002).","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"56530_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-77572012000400013","volume":"20","author":"EC K\u00fcchler","year":"2012","unstructured":"K\u00fcchler, E. C. et al. Buccal cells DNA extraction to obtain high quality human genomic DNA suitable for polymorphism genotyping by PCR-RFLP and Real-Time PCR. J. Appl. Oral Sci. 20, 467\u2013471 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Oral Sci."},{"key":"56530_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.157801","volume":"11","author":"K Ranade","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ranade, K. et al. High-throughput genotyping with single nucleotide polymorphisms. Genome Res. 11, 1262\u20131268 (2001).","journal-title":"Genome Res."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-56530-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-56530-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-56530-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T23:03:34Z","timestamp":1710284614000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-024-56530-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["56530"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-56530-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2045-2322"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 March 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 March 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"5987"}}