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This study aimed at assessing the prevalence of alcohol and other substance use among students at Busitema University in Eastern Uganda. A cross sectional survey was conducted among 658 undergraduate students using a questionnaire consisting of Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Tool and participant sociodemographic and clinical factors. Logistic regression was used to explore the associations. Two hundred sixty-five (40.3%) students reported ever using alcohol and 158 (24.0%) had used in last 3\u00a0months. Seventy-four (11.2%) students reported ever use of other substances including tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, stimulants sedatives and hallucinogens and 36 (5.5%) had used within the recent 3\u00a0months. After controlling for potential confounders, recent alcohol use was associated with engaging in romantic relationship (odd ratio (OR)\u2009=\u20091.9,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    value (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    )\u2009=\u20090.045) while having chronic medical conditions was protective (OR\u2009=\u20090.3,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.031). On the other hand, recent use of other substances was 7 times higher among males (OR\u2009=\u20097.0,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.008) compared to females while fourth year of study was protective (OR\u2009=\u20090.05,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.011). Although alcohol use is a worsening challenge among university students, use of other substances is also highly prevalent after COVID-19 lockdown. There is need for universities to identify students with above factors and design interventions to address them in order to prevent the likely undesirable outcomes of alcohol and substance use.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-56861-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T08:02:58Z","timestamp":1710403378000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Burden of alcohol and other substance use and correlates among undergraduate students at Busitema University in rural Eastern Uganda after COVID-19 lockdown"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Joseph","family":"Kirabira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enid Kawala","family":"Kagoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Mpagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine Etoko","family":"Atala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kalisiti","family":"Ndamanywa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ambrose","family":"Okibure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Kibuuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fauz","family":"Katongole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julius","family":"Wandabwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"56861_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. 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