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Porcine islet-derived organoid might be used as an alternative donor of porcine islet xenotransplantation, a promising therapy for severe diabetes. In this study, we elucidated the characteristics of porcine islet organoids derived from porcine islets as a cell source for transplantation. Isolated porcine islets were 3D-cultured using growth factor-reduced matrigel in organoid culture medium consist of advanced DMEM\/F12 with Wnt-3A, R-spondin, EGF, Noggin, IGF-1, bFGF, nicotinamide, B27, and some small molecules. Morphological and functional characteristics of islet organoids were evaluated in comparison with 2D-cultured islets in advanced DMEM\/F12 medium. Relatively short-term (approximately 14\u00a0days)\u2014cultured porcine islet organoids were enlarged and proliferated, but had an attenuated insulin-releasing function. Long-term (over a month)\u2014cultured islet organoids could be passaged and cryopreserved. However, they showed pancreatic duct characteristics, including cystic induction, strong expression of <jats:italic>Sox9<\/jats:italic>, loss of PDX1 expression, and no insulin-releasing function. These findings were seen in long-term-cultured porcine islets. In conclusion, our porcine islet organoids showed the characteristics of pancreatic ducts. Further study is necessary for producing porcine islet-derived organoids having characteristics as islets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-57059-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]],"date-time":"2024-03-16T17:02:03Z","timestamp":1710608523000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The porcine islet-derived organoid showed the characteristics as pancreatic duct"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Naoaki","family":"Sakata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gumpei","family":"Yoshimatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Kawakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuaki","family":"Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teppei","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Yamamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Nagashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shohta","family":"Kodama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"57059_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-022-00174-y","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao, Z. et al. 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