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Across conditions, one character was sad, the other initiated touch to comfort them, and the touchee reciprocated the touch. Participants first rated trustworthiness of a certain character (human or robot in a vulnerable or comforting role), then evaluated the two touch phases (initiation and reciprocity) in terms of interaction realism, touch appropriateness and pleasantness, affective state (valence and arousal) attributed to the characters. Results support an interactive account of trust and touch, with humans being equally trustworthy when comforting or showing vulnerability, and reciprocity of touch buffering sadness. Although these phenomena seem unique to humans, propensity to trust technology reduces the gap between how humans and robots are perceived. Two distinct trust systems emerge: one for human interactions and another for social technologies, both necessitating trust as a fundamental prerequisite for meaningful physical contact.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-57582-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T01:02:01Z","timestamp":1710982921000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Propensity to trust shapes perceptions of comforting touch between trustworthy human and robot partners"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Irene","family":"Valori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yichen","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merel M.","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merle T.","family":"Fairhurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"57582_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E2528","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1703643115","volume":"115","author":"P Goldstein","year":"2018","unstructured":"Goldstein, P., Weissman-Fogel, I., Dumas, G. & Shamay-Tsoory, S. 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