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However, how diabetes mellitus contributes to<jats:italic>Moraxella<\/jats:italic>keratitis remains unclear. In this study, we examined<jats:italic>Moraxella<\/jats:italic>keratitis; based on the findings, we investigated the impact of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) deposition in the cornea of individuals with diabetic mellitus on the adhesion of<jats:italic>Moraxella<\/jats:italic>isolates to the cornea. A retrospective analysis of 27 culture-proven cases of<jats:italic>Moraxella<\/jats:italic>keratitis at Ehime University Hospital (March 2006 to February 2022) was performed.<jats:italic>Moraxella<\/jats:italic>isolates were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Among the patients, 30.4% had diabetes mellitus and 22.2% had the predominant ocular condition of using steroid eye drops. The species identified were<jats:italic>Moraxella nonliquefaciens<\/jats:italic>in 59.3% and<jats:italic>Moraxella lacunata<\/jats:italic>in 40.7% of patients. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, we assessed the effects of<jats:italic>M. nonliquefaciens<\/jats:italic>adherence to simian virus 40-immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) with or without AGEs. The results demonstrated the number of<jats:italic>M. nonliquefaciens<\/jats:italic>adhering to HCECs was significantly increased by adding AGEs compared with that in controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Furthermore, in the corneas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic C57BL\/6 mice treated with or without pyridoxamine, an AGE inhibitor, the number of<jats:italic>M. nonliquefaciens<\/jats:italic>adhering to the corneas of diabetic mice was significantly reduced by pyridoxamine treatment (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In conclusion, the development of<jats:italic>Moraxella<\/jats:italic>keratitis may be significantly influenced by the deposition of AGEs on the corneal epithelium of patients with diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-58659-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T11:02:03Z","timestamp":1712314923000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Association between Moraxella keratitis and advanced glycation end products"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hidenori","family":"Inoue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Toriyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoko","family":"Takahira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinobu","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Miyamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Shiraishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"58659_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700060102","volume":"6","author":"JW Eyre","year":"1900","unstructured":"Eyre, J. 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