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We evaluated the effectiveness of 38%-SDF (SDI-RivaStar), Tiefenfluorid (TF) comparing with Placebo (P), all in conjunction with behavioural modification (BM), in preventing major complications (endodontic\/extractions\/pain)\u2014a patient-centred outcome\u2014due to early childhood caries over 12\u00a0months in children under 71-months. A six-arm, patient\/parent-blinded, superiority, placebo-controlled randomised control trial at the university clinic in Riga, Latvia, from 1\/9\/20-31\/8\/22 (Protocol registration ISRCTN17005348). The trial tested six protocols, using three compounds (P\/SDF\/TF) under two regimes: annual and biannual (P1\/P2\/TF1\/TF2\/SDF1\/SDF2) for major complications. Secondary outcomes included minor complications and parental satisfaction. All groups received BM. 373\/427 randomised children (87.3%) completed the study. SDF2 had a significantly lower rate and risk of major (21.5%, OR\u2009=\u20090.28, 95%CI [0.11, 0.72],\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and minor complications (OR\u2009=\u20090.16 (95%CI [0.05, 0.50],\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.002). Overall satisfaction was 96% (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). SDF biannual application with BM effectively prevented major complications of early childhood caries and was well accepted by children and their parents. Trial registration number: ISRCTN17005348, principal investigator: Ilze Maldupa, registration date: 30\/06\/2021.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Clinical trial registration number: ISRCTN registry: ISRCTN17005348,\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/ISRCTN17005348\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/ISRCTN17005348<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    , registration date: 30\/06\/2021.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-58850-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,6]],"date-time":"2024-04-06T23:12:14Z","timestamp":1712445134000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Clinical effectiveness\/child-patient and parent satisfaction of two topical fluoride treatments for caries: a randomised clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"isrctn17005348","registry":"10.18810\/isrctn"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5967-956X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilze","family":"Maldupa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9984-0012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Innes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6193-2205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilona","family":"Viduskalne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1843-0423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anda","family":"Brinkmane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6422-9061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Egita","family":"Senakola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Krumina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0684-2025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio E.","family":"Uribe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"58850_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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