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Microbes can use hydrogen for their metabolism, which can then lead to formation of biofilms. Biofilms can potentially alter the wettability of the system and, consequently, impact the flow dynamics and trapping mechanisms in the reservoir. In this study, we investigate the impact of microbial activity on wettability of the hydrogen\/brine\/rock system, using the captive-bubble cell experimental approach. Apparent contact angles are measured for bubbles of pure hydrogen in contact with a solid surface inside a cell filled with living brine which contains sulphate reducing microbes. To investigate the impact of surface roughness, two different solid samples are used: a \u201crough\u201d Bentheimer Sandstone sample and a \u201csmooth\u201d pure Quartz sample. It is found that, in systems where buoyancy and interfacial forces are the main acting forces, the impact of biofilm formation on the apparent contact angle highly depends on the surface roughness. For the \u201crough\u201d Bentheimer sandstone, the apparent contact angle was unchanged by biofilm formation, while for the smooth pure Quartz sample the apparent contact angle decreased significantly, making the system more water-wet. This decrease in apparent contact angle is in contrast with an earlier study present in the literature where a significant increase in contact angle due to microbial activity was reported. The wettability of the biofilm is mainly determined by the consistency of the Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) which depends on the growth conditions in the system. Therefore, to determine the impact of microbial activity on the wettability during UHS will require accurate replication of the reservoir conditions including surface roughness, chemical composition of the brine, the microbial community, as well as temperature, pressure and pH-value conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-58951-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T14:02:16Z","timestamp":1712584936000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Microbial induced wettability alteration with implications for Underground Hydrogen Storage"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Maartje","family":"Boon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Buntic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kadir","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Dopffel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadi","family":"Hajibeygi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"58951_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8348","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87490-7","volume":"11","author":"L Hashemi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hashemi, L., Blunt, M. & Hajibeygi, H. Pore-scale modelling and sensitivity analyses of hydrogen-brine multiphase flow in geological porous media. Sci. Rep. 11, 8348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-87490-7 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"58951_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1039\/D0EE03536J","volume":"14","author":"N Heinemann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Heinemann, N. et al. Enabling large-scale hydrogen storage in porous media\u2014The scientific challenges. Energy Environ. Sci. 14, 853\u2013864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D0EE03536J (2021).","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"58951_CR3","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Hydrogen Storage in Salt Caverns: Chemical Modelling and Analysis of Large-Scale Hydrogen Storage in Underground Salt Caverns","author":"M Laban","year":"2020","unstructured":"Laban, M. 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