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Using prospectively collected data from the Korean Neonatal Network, we included EPIs with severe BPD born at 22\u201327\u00a0weeks\u2019 gestation between 2013 and 2021. EPIs having severe BPD with LPH (LPH, n\u2009=\u2009124) were matched 1:3 with those without pulmonary hypertension (PH) as controls (CON, n\u2009=\u2009372), via propensity score matching. LPH was defined as PH with the initiation of medication after 36\u00a0weeks\u2019 corrected age (CA). Long-term mortality after 36\u00a0weeks\u2019 CA or NDD at 18\u201324\u00a0months\u2019 CA was analyzed. NDD was assessed using composite scores based on various neurodevelopmental assessment modalities. LPH had significantly higher long-term mortality or NDD (45.2% vs. 23.1%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), mortality (24.2% vs. 4.84%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and NDD (68.4% vs. 37.8%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001), respectively than CON, even after adjusting for different demographic factors. Multivariable regression demonstrated that LPH independently increased the risk of mortality or NDD (adjusted odds ratio, 1.95; 95% confidence intervals, 1.17\u20133.25). When LPH occurs in EPIs with severe BPD, special monitoring and meticulous care for long-term survival and neurodevelopment are continuously needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-58977-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T16:02:37Z","timestamp":1713196957000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Long-term impact of late pulmonary hypertension requiring medication in extremely preterm infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Chan","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sumin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jieun","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Misun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"So Yoon","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Se In","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun Sil","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"58977_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2959","volume":"126","author":"BJ Stoll","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stoll, B. 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