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In this study, seven solvents\u2014acetone, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, water, and hexane\u2014were used to extract the chemical constituents of the fruit of giant fennel (\n                    <jats:italic>Ferula communis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), a species of flowering plant in the carrot family Apiaceae. Specific attributes of these extracts were investigated using in silico simulations and in vitro bioassays. High-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a diode-array detector (HPLC\u2013DAD) identified 15 compounds in giant fennel extract, with p-coumaric acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, sinapic acid, and syringic acid being dominant. Among the solvents tested, ethanol demonstrated superior antioxidant activity and phenolic and flavonoid contents.\n                    <jats:italic>F. communis<\/jats:italic>\n                    extracts showed advanced inhibition of gram-negative pathogens (\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and variable antifungal activity against tested strains. Molecular docking simulations assessed the antioxidative, antibacterial, and antifungal properties of\n                    <jats:italic>F. communis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , facilitating innovative therapeutic development through predicted compound\u2013protein interactions. In conclusion, the results validate the ethnomedicinal use and potential of\n                    <jats:italic>F. communis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This highlights its significance in natural product research and ethnopharmacology.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-59087-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T11:02:23Z","timestamp":1712660543000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Comprehensive analysis of different solvent extracts of Ferula communis L. fruit reveals phenolic compounds and their biological properties via in vitro and in silico assays"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ghizlane","family":"Nouioura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"El fadili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azeddin","family":"El Barnossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El Hassania","family":"Loukili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Laaroussi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Bouhrim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Giesy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mourad A. 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