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Topical eye drop treatments are the usual approach for managing AC, although their impact on the ocular surface is not frequently investigated. The aim of this study was to perform a comparative physicochemical characterization, and in vitro biological evaluations in primary conjunctival and corneal epithelial cells of the new multidose preservative-free bilastine 0.6% and main commercially available eye drops. MTT assay was used to measure cell viability; oxidative stress was analyzed with a ROS-sensitive probe; and apoptosis was evaluated monitoring caspase 3\/7 activation. Differences in pH value, osmolarity, viscosity and phosphate levels were identified. Among all formulations, bilastine exhibited pH, osmolarity and viscosity values closer to tear film (7.4, 300\u00a0mOsm\/l and ~\u00a01.5\u201310\u00a0mPa\u00b7s, respectively), and was the only phosphates-free solution. Single-dose ketotifen did not induce ROS production, and single-dose azelastine and bilastine only induced a mild increase. Bilastine and single-dose ketotifen and azelastine showed high survival rates attributable to the absence of preservative in its formulation, not inducing caspase-3\/7-mediated apoptosis after 24\u00a0h. Our findings support the use of the new bilastine 0.6% for treating patients with AC to preserve and maintain the integrity of the ocular surface.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-59190-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T10:03:04Z","timestamp":1714125784000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The new preservative-free ophthalmic formulation of bilastine 0.6% preserves the ocular surface epithelial integrity in a comparative in vitro study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Eider","family":"Arana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Gonzalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noelia","family":"Andollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Go\u00f1i-de-Cerio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paloma","family":"G\u00f3mez-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clarisa","family":"Salado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Su\u00e1rez-Cort\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"59190_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12009","volume":"67","author":"A Leonardi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Leonardi, A. et al. 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F.G., P.G-F. and C.S. received fees from FAES FARMA SA (Spain) through subcontracting analyses during the conduct of the study. N.A. declares no potential conflict of interest. E.A. was granted a partial scholarship by Basque Government, BIKAINTEK Program (48-AF-W2-2018-00008). This work was partially supported by the Basque Country Government (Economic Development & Infrastructures Depart.), HAZITEK Program (grant No. ZE-2019\/00004). The funding organizations had no role in the study design, data collection, decision to publish, or preparation of manuscript.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"9598"}}