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In the present study, a total of 17 calves under 4\u00a0months of age and suspected clinically for FMD were examined for clinical lesions, respiratory rate, heart rate, and heart rhythm. Lesion samples, saliva, nasal swabs, and whole blood were collected from suspected calves and subjected to Sandwich ELISA and reverse transcription multiplex polymerase chain reaction (RT-mPCR) for detection and serotyping of FMD virus (FMDV). The samples were found to be positive for FMDV serotype \u201cO\u201d. Myocarditis was suspected in 6 calves based on tachypnoea, tachycardia, and gallop rhythm. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and cardiac troponins (cTnI) were measured. Mean serum AST, cTn-I and LDH were significantly higher (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) in\u2009&lt;\u20092\u00a0months old FMD-infected calves showing clinical signs suggestive of myocarditis (264.833\u2009\u00b1\u20094.16; 11.650\u2009\u00b1\u20090.34 and 1213.33\u2009\u00b1\u200929.06) than those without myocarditis (&lt;\u20092\u00a0months old: 110.00\u2009\u00b1\u20090.00, 0.06\u2009\u00b1\u20090.00, 1050.00\u2009\u00b1\u20090.00;\u2009&gt;\u20092\u00a0months\u2009&lt;\u20094\u00a0months: 83.00\u2009\u00b1\u20093.00, 0.05\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02, 1159.00\u2009\u00b1\u200927.63) and healthy control groups (&lt;\u20092\u00a0months old: 67.50\u2009\u00b1\u20093.10, 0.047\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01, 1120.00\u2009\u00b1\u200931.62;\u2009&gt;\u20092\u00a0months\u2009&lt;\u20094\u00a0months: 72.83\u2009\u00b1\u20092.09, 0.47\u2009\u00b1\u20090.00, 1160.00\u2009\u00b1\u200918.44). However, mean serum CK-MB did not differ significantly amongst the groups. Four calves under 2\u00a0months old died and a necropsy revealed the presence of a pathognomic gross lesion of the myocardial form of FMD known as \u201ctigroid heart\u201d. Histopathology confirmed myocarditis. This study also reports the relevance of clinical and histopathological findings and biochemical markers in diagnosing FMD-related myocarditis in suckling calves.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-59324-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,4]],"date-time":"2024-05-04T16:01:59Z","timestamp":1714838519000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Foot-and-mouth disease-associated myocarditis is age dependent in suckling calves"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Pankaj","family":"Deka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sangeeta","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ritam","family":"Hazarika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ray","family":"Kayaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Biswajit","family":"Dutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abhijit","family":"Deka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Utpal","family":"Barman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rofique","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nazrul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mihir","family":"Sarma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilakshy","family":"Deka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manoranjan","family":"Rout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krishna","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajeev K.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"59324_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.2.465-493.2004","volume":"7","author":"MJ Grubman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Grubman, M. 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