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A case\u2013control study of 177 EPD girls and 354 girls with normal pubertal development was conducted between October 2019 and August 2022. Overweight\/obesity was defined as body mass index\u2009\u2265\u200985th percentiles for age and sex. We found a non-significant increase of EPD risk among girls with high EST alone [OR: 2.75 (0.65\u201311.58)] or low MVPA alone [OR: 2.54 (0.74\u20138.69)], but a significant increase of EPD risk among girls with overweight\/obesity alone [OR: 4.91 (1.01\u201323.92)], compared to girls without any of the three risk factors (low MVPA, high EST and overweight\/obesity). Girls with any two of the three risk factors faced increased risk of EPD, and girls with all three risk factors faced the highest risk of EPD [OR and 95% CI: 26.10 (6.40\u2013106.45)]. Being overweight\/obesity might be more important than having low MVPA or high EST as a correlate of EPD compared to girls without any of the three risk factors, but the co-presence of low MVPA, high EST and overweight\/obesity would largely increase the risk of EPD in girls.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-60345-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T04:02:07Z","timestamp":1715140927000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Joint association of overweight\/obesity, high electronic screen time, and low physical activity time with early pubertal development in girls: a case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Weiqin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingyan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panpan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leishen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dandan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuexin","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhong","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"60345_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e583","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-3079","volume":"126","author":"FM Biro","year":"2010","unstructured":"Biro, F. 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