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The compounds exhibited anti-HIV-1 activities, in vitro, under both non-photodynamic (non-PDT) and photodynamic (PDT) conditions. Specifically, the porphyrins inhibited HIV-1 virus entry, with\n                    <jats:bold>c-PB<\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:bold>2<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:bold>(OH)<\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:bold>2<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    and\n                    <jats:bold>PB(OH)<\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:bold>3<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    showing significant anti-HIV-1 activity. All of the porphyrins inhibited HIV-1 subtype B and C virus entry under PDT conditions. Our study demonstrated that the compounds bearing combinations of 4-carboxyphenyl\/4-hydroxyphenyl moieties were not toxic even at higher concentrations, as compared to the reference porphyrins 5,10,15,20-tetra-(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (\n                    <jats:bold>TCPP<\/jats:bold>\n                    ) and 5,10,15,20-tetra-(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (\n                    <jats:bold>THPP<\/jats:bold>\n                    ), under PDT conditions. This study underscores the promising potential of these compounds as HIV entry inhibitors in both non-PDT and PDT scenarios.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-60728-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T10:48:33Z","timestamp":1714560513000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Porphyrins with combinations of 4-carboxyphenyl and 4-hydroxyphenyl substituents in meso-positions as anti-HIV-1 agents"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Debdulal","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aradhana","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanaullah","family":"Safi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ritu","family":"Gaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devashish","family":"Sengupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"60728_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2475","volume":"33","author":"NI Nii-Trebi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nii-Trebi, N. 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