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We focused on the ground surface of suburban railway underground sections and developed a 3D finite element dynamic coupling model for the tunnel\u2013soil system. Subsequently, considering factors such as train speed and passenger load, we analyzed the propagation characteristics of ground vibration responses in urban railway underground sections. The research results indicate a significant amplification phenomenon in the peak power spectrum of measurement points near the tunnels in underground sections. The high-frequency components of the power spectrum between measurement points are noticeably higher between the two tunnels. Furthermore, as the train speed increases, this amplification phenomenon becomes more pronounced, and the power spectrum of each measurement point mainly concentrates on several frequency bands, with the amplitude of the power spectrum near the prominent frequencies also increasing. However, when the train speed is between 100 and 120\u00a0km\/h, the impact on the amplitude of the power spectrum at measurement points above the running tunnel is minimal. Additionally, the amplitude of the middle-to-high frequency components in the power spectrum increases with the increase in passenger numbers. The impact on the peak acceleration amplitude at each measurement point is minimal when the train speed is 80\u00a0km\/h or below. However, once the train speed exceeds 80\u00a0km\/h, the peak acceleration amplitude above the running tunnel rapidly increases, reaching its maximum value at 113\u00a0km\/h, and then gradually decreasing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-60782-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T02:02:01Z","timestamp":1715133721000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Effects of train speed and passenger capacity on ground vibration of underground suburban railways"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Shusen","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhimin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongkai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jili","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Futong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"60782_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185665","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2020.3022704","volume":"8","author":"H Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, H. & Yuan, J. 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